A broken hand is a fracture, a break or crack in one of the many bones that make up the hand. These bones include the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges, each playing a role in hand function. Identifying a fracture is important for proper healing and preventing complications. This article helps you recognize the signs of a broken hand and the necessity of professional medical evaluation.
Common Signs of a Broken Hand
Severe pain immediately after an injury indicates a broken hand. This pain is often sharp and localized to the injured area, intensifying with any attempt to move the hand or apply pressure. The pain persists and does not subside quickly.
Swelling develops around the injury site soon after the incident. This swelling is due to inflammation and internal bleeding. Bruising often accompanies the swelling as blood pools under the skin.
A visible deformity, such as a crooked finger, an unnatural angle of a part of the hand, or a depressed knuckle, suggests a bone fracture. Movement of the affected fingers or wrist becomes difficult or impossible, as the structural integrity of the bones is compromised.
Numbness or tingling in the hand or fingers can indicate nerve involvement. The injured area will also exhibit tenderness to touch, meaning even light pressure causes intense pain. This localized sensitivity is a distinguishing feature of a fracture compared to less severe injuries.
Distinguishing from Sprains and Bruises
The severity and persistence of pain help differentiate a fracture from a sprain or bruise. While sprains and bruises can cause pain, a fracture results in more intense, sharp, and unremitting pain that does not improve with rest. The pain from a fracture is more focused on the bone itself rather than the surrounding soft tissues.
The presence of a visible deformity is an indicator of a fracture and is absent in sprains or bruises. A sprain involves stretched or torn ligaments, and a bruise is a soft tissue contusion; neither alters bone alignment. If the hand looks misshapen or a finger points in an unusual direction, a fracture is probable.
An inability to use the hand, grip objects, or move fingers points towards a fracture. Sprains might limit movement due to pain, but an inability to perform these actions suggests structural damage. The onset of swelling and bruising also differs; fractures present with immediate and more extensive swelling and bruising compared to sprains or bruises, which develop more gradually. Some individuals report hearing or feeling a “pop” or “snap” sensation at the moment of injury if a bone breaks.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If a broken hand is suspected, medical evaluation is necessary for an accurate diagnosis. Only medical professionals can confirm a fracture through physical examination and imaging tests, most commonly X-rays; self-diagnosis is not sufficient. Timely diagnosis ensures appropriate treatment and helps prevent long-term complications.
While awaiting medical help, first aid steps can be taken to manage the injury. Immobilize the injured hand to prevent further damage; this can be done by splinting it with a rigid object and tape, or by using a sling to support the arm. Applying ice wrapped in a cloth to the swollen area for 15-20 minutes at a time can help reduce swelling and pain.
Elevating the injured hand above the level of the heart assists in reducing swelling by promoting fluid drainage. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen, can be used to manage discomfort, but always follow dosage instructions and consult a medical professional for suitability. Untreated or improperly treated hand fractures can lead to complications, including improper bone healing, chronic pain, stiffness, reduced range of motion, and long-term disability, impacting daily activities.