A gum graft is a common dental procedure that addresses gum recession, a condition where gum tissue pulls away from the teeth, exposing the tooth roots. This exposure can lead to increased tooth sensitivity, a higher risk of decay, and bone loss around the teeth. By transplanting healthy gum tissue from one area of the mouth to the affected site, a gum graft aims to restore the protective barrier around the teeth, improve oral health, and enhance the appearance of the gums. Monitoring the healing process is important to ensure success and identify complications early.
What Normal Gum Graft Healing Looks Like
Immediately following a gum graft, it is normal to experience some degree of swelling and discomfort around the surgical site. The grafted area may appear discolored, possibly white or grayish, as the initial healing begins. This temporary discoloration occurs as new blood vessels form. Swelling is typically most noticeable in the first few days and gradually subsides over the first week. Minor bleeding or oozing from the surgical site is also common during the first 24 to 48 hours.
As the initial week progresses, the grafted tissue will begin to integrate with the surrounding gum. The color of the graft may start to shift from white or gray to a more pinkish hue, indicating the establishment of a new blood supply. Discomfort should lessen, though a dull ache or tenderness might persist, particularly at the donor site if tissue was taken from the roof of the mouth. By the end of the first week, any sutures placed during the procedure may begin to dissolve or loosen, or your dental professional might remove them at a follow-up appointment.
Over the next four to six weeks, the grafted tissue should increasingly blend with adjacent gums. New cells will grow over and around the transplanted tissue, allowing it to become a stable part of your gum line. The swelling should be completely resolved, and the tissue will feel firmer. The donor site, if applicable, may take a bit longer to heal completely, sometimes up to two months, but discomfort there should steadily decrease. A fully healed graft will appear natural, matching the color and texture of surrounding gum tissue.
Recognizing Signs of Complications
While initial discomfort and swelling are expected, certain signs can indicate a complication with your gum graft. Persistent or worsening pain that does not improve with prescribed medication, especially beyond the first few days, may signal an issue. Swelling that increases after the first 48-72 hours or does not show signs of decreasing after a week could be a cause for concern. These symptoms can sometimes point to an infection or inflammation at the surgical site.
Monitor color changes beyond the initial white or grayish appearance. If the graft turns dark gray or black and remains that way, it could indicate a lack of blood supply or tissue necrosis, meaning the graft is not integrating properly. Any unusual discharge, such as pus, from the surgical area, or a foul odor emanating from your mouth, are strong indicators of a bacterial infection.
Another significant warning sign is if the graft appears to be dislodged or pulling away from the tooth or surrounding gum tissue. While minor bleeding is normal initially, persistent or excessive bleeding that does not stop with gentle pressure suggests a problem. Any of these symptoms, particularly when combined, suggest that the graft may not be healing successfully and warrants prompt evaluation.
When to Contact Your Dental Professional
If you experience excessive or worsening pain that is not managed by your pain medication, or if swelling persists or increases beyond the first few days after your gum graft, it is important to contact your dental professional. These could be early indicators of an infection or other healing complications. Any unusual discharge, such as pus, or a foul smell emanating from your mouth, are also clear signs of an infection.
You should also reach out to your dental professional if you notice the grafted tissue changing to a dark gray or black color, or if it appears to be loose or dislodged from the tooth. Persistent bleeding that does not subside with light pressure, or bleeding that reoccurs several days after the surgery, also warrants an immediate call. Early intervention for any of these signs can significantly improve the outcome of your gum graft and prevent more serious issues.