The cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina, plays an important role throughout pregnancy. It acts as a protective barrier, safeguarding the developing baby from external elements. Understanding the changes the cervix undergoes can be helpful as pregnancy progresses, particularly as the due date approaches. These transformations are natural processes that prepare the body for childbirth.
Recognizing Potential Signs
As the body prepares for labor, several physical sensations might indicate cervical changes. One common sensation is “lightening,” or the baby “dropping,” which describes the baby settling deeper into the pelvis. This descent can lead to increased pelvic pressure and sometimes easier breathing as pressure on the diaphragm lessens.
Changes in vaginal discharge are also common. Individuals might notice an increase in discharge or the passing of the mucus plug, sometimes referred to as “bloody show.” This discharge can be clear, pink, or slightly bloody, and it differs from typical pregnancy discharge.
Additionally, early contractions, known as Braxton Hicks, may occur as mild, irregular tightenings that do not intensify or follow a consistent pattern. Lower back pain can also accompany these contractions or increased pelvic pressure. These are potential signs, but only a medical professional can confirm cervical opening.
Understanding Cervical Changes
The opening of the cervix involves two interconnected processes: effacement and dilation. Cervical effacement refers to the thinning and shortening of the cervix. Before effacement, the cervix is typically long and firm, around 3 to 4 centimeters in length. As effacement progresses, the cervix softens and shortens, eventually becoming thin, measured in percentages from 0% (thick) to 100% (fully thinned).
Cervical dilation is the opening of the cervix, measured in centimeters. It progresses from 0 centimeters (closed) to 10 centimeters, which is considered full dilation. Effacement often precedes or occurs simultaneously with dilation, as the cervix must thin before it can fully open to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal.
The initial phase of labor, known as the latent phase, involves the cervix slowly effacing and dilating, typically up to 4 to 6 centimeters. During this phase, uterine contractions work to pull the cervix upwards, causing it to shorten and open. While these changes are normal as labor approaches, similar cervical changes can also occur before 37 weeks of pregnancy, indicating preterm labor, which requires medical attention. True labor contractions, unlike Braxton Hicks, are effective in causing these changes in cervical effacement and dilation.
When Professional Assessment is Needed
Only a healthcare provider can accurately assess cervical changes through a physical examination. This professional evaluation helps determine the progress of labor and ensures the well-being of both the pregnant individual and the baby. Regular cervical checks are part of prenatal care as the due date nears or during labor.
Contact a doctor or midwife if signs of labor become consistent and increase in intensity. This includes regular, painful contractions that become stronger and closer together. Significant vaginal bleeding, which is more than just a light “bloody show,” or a gush or trickle of fluid suggesting ruptured membranes (water breaking), warrants immediate medical attention. Additionally, any decrease in fetal movement, concerns about preterm labor before 37 weeks, or any other new or alarming symptoms should prompt contact with a healthcare provider. During an appointment, a doctor might perform a physical exam and potentially monitor contractions or the baby’s heart rate to assess the situation.
Why Self-Checks Are Not Recommended
Attempting a cervical self-check at home is not advised due to several potential risks. Introducing fingers into the vagina, especially as the cervix begins to soften and open, increases the risk of introducing bacteria and causing an infection. Even with thoroughly washed hands, the vaginal environment is delicate, and external bacteria can lead to complications.
Accurately assessing cervical effacement or dilation requires training and experience. It is nearly impossible for an untrained individual to correctly determine the extent of these changes. This can lead to inaccurate information, causing unnecessary anxiety or a false sense of security. There is also a risk of accidentally rupturing the membranes, which could lead to an early onset of labor or infection. Professional medical assessment remains the safest and most reliable method for monitoring cervical changes during pregnancy.