Vocal nodules are benign, non-cancerous growths that form on the vocal cords, similar to calluses. They typically develop at the midpoint of both vocal cords due to chronic mechanical stress or trauma from excessive or improper voice use.
Recognizing the Symptoms
A common indicator of vocal nodules is a persistent change in voice quality, often described as hoarseness. The voice may also sound rough, scratchy, or breathy. This occurs because the nodules interfere with the complete closure and regular vibration of the vocal cords. Some individuals might experience vocal fatigue, where their voice becomes tired or strained after limited use.
Another symptom is a reduced vocal range, making it difficult to produce higher pitches or sustain notes. The voice might also crack or break easily. A sensation of a lump in the throat or discomfort in the neck area can also occur. Increased effort may also be needed to speak.
Common Causes
Vocal nodules primarily develop from chronic vocal abuse or misuse. Actions that place excessive stress on the vocal cords include shouting, screaming, or speaking loudly for extended periods. Incorrect vocal technique when speaking or singing also contributes. Frequent throat clearing or chronic coughing can also cause trauma.
Certain professions involve intensive voice use, increasing the likelihood of developing vocal nodules. Teachers, singers, coaches, and public speakers are at a higher risk. Other contributing factors include allergies, sinusitis, hypothyroidism, acid reflux, and general stress, which can lead to muscle tension in the throat.
Professional Diagnosis
An otolaryngologist (ENT doctor) diagnoses vocal nodules. Consult a doctor if hoarseness or other voice changes persist for more than two to three weeks. The diagnostic process typically includes a thorough voice assessment, evaluating the sound and characteristics of the patient’s voice.
The primary diagnostic method involves visualizing the vocal cords directly. This is often done using laryngoscopy, a procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth to view the voice box. Stroboscopy is another technique that uses a flashing light to observe the vocal cords’ vibration in slow motion, to identify irregularities caused by nodules.
Distinguishing Vocal Nodules from Other Conditions
While vocal nodules present distinct symptoms, other conditions affecting the vocal cords can have similar manifestations, underscoring the need for a professional diagnosis. Vocal polyps are another type of benign growth that forms on the vocal cords. Unlike nodules, which typically appear in pairs, polyps often occur on only one vocal cord and can vary in size and shape, sometimes looking like a blister. Polyps may also have a more reddish appearance due to increased blood vessel supply.
Vocal cysts are fluid-filled sacs that usually develop on one vocal cord. They are firm masses contained within a membrane and can be located near the surface or deeper within the vocal cord tissue. While polyps can sometimes result from a single instance of vocal abuse, only a medical evaluation can accurately differentiate between these conditions and determine the most appropriate course of action.