An overbite is a common dental alignment issue characterized by the upper front teeth significantly overlapping the lower front teeth. While some degree of overlap is natural and healthy for proper bite function, an overbite occurs when this overlap becomes excessive. It is a type of malocclusion, or misalignment of the teeth when the jaws are closed.
Understanding Overbite
A healthy bite involves a slight overlap of the upper front teeth over the lower ones, typically around 1-2 millimeters, or 20-40% coverage. This natural overlap allows for efficient chewing and protects teeth from excessive wear. An overbite, also known as a deep bite, is present when this vertical overlap exceeds the normal range, often by 3 millimeters or more, or when the upper teeth cover 30% or more of the lower teeth.
The severity of an overbite can vary greatly. In some cases, the lower front teeth may bite directly into the gum tissue behind the upper front teeth, or even into the roof of the mouth. An overbite primarily involves vertical misalignment, distinguishing it from an overjet, where upper teeth protrude horizontally. An overbite can sometimes occur alongside an overjet.
Self-Assessing for an Overbite
You can perform a preliminary check for an overbite by observing your teeth in a mirror. First, relax your jaw and gently close your mouth, allowing your teeth to come together naturally without clenching. Forcing your teeth together can produce inaccurate results.
Next, stand in front of a mirror and smile, pulling your lips away to fully see your teeth. Observe how much your upper front teeth cover your lower front teeth. If your upper teeth excessively cover your lower teeth, or if you can barely see your lower teeth, it may indicate an overbite. Check if your lower teeth appear to bite very close to, or even touch, the roof of your mouth. This self-assessment offers a general indication but is not a substitute for a professional dental diagnosis.
Common Indicators Beyond Appearance
Beyond visual signs, an overbite can manifest through various physical symptoms. Individuals might experience discomfort or pain in the jaw, sometimes accompanied by clicking or popping sounds when opening their mouth. This can be due to strain on the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), which connect the jawbone to the skull.
Difficulty or pain when chewing can also indicate an overbite, as the misaligned bite may not allow for proper food breakdown. Speech impediments, such as lisping or difficulty pronouncing certain sounds, can arise if the tongue’s movement is restricted. Excessive wear on tooth enamel, chipping, or gum irritation behind the upper teeth can occur from the abnormal contact between the upper and lower teeth.
Why Addressing an Overbite Matters
Leaving an overbite unaddressed can lead to several complications affecting oral health and overall well-being. Excessive pressure and improper contact between teeth can result in accelerated tooth wear, chipping, and damage to the enamel. This wear can make teeth more susceptible to sensitivity and decay.
An overbite can also strain jaw muscles and joints, potentially leading to jaw pain, headaches, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Maintaining proper oral hygiene can become challenging with misaligned teeth, increasing the risk of plaque buildup, gum disease, and cavities. A severe overbite can impact facial aesthetics and may interfere with speech clarity.
Next Steps and Professional Consultation
If you suspect you have an overbite based on self-assessment or experience any related symptoms, seeking professional advice is recommended. A dental professional, particularly an orthodontist, is best equipped to accurately diagnose the condition. They can assess the severity of the overbite and determine its underlying cause, which might be dental (tooth position), skeletal (jaw size), or a combination.
Only an orthodontist can recommend appropriate treatment options tailored to your specific needs. These options can range from orthodontic appliances like braces or clear aligners to, in severe cases, tooth extractions or corrective jaw surgery. Early detection and intervention can often lead to more straightforward and effective treatment outcomes.