An infected cut occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, enter an open wound and begin to multiply. These microbes can overcome the body’s natural defenses, leading to an inflammatory response. Identifying an infection early is important for preventing complications and promoting proper healing.
Recognizing Early Signs
Localized redness around the wound is a primary indication of an infected cut, often appearing as a pink or red halo extending slightly beyond the wound edges. The skin around the cut may also feel warmer.
Swelling is another common early sign, where the area around the cut appears puffy. This swelling results from the body’s immune response, as fluid and white blood cells rush to the site of infection. As the infection progresses, the area may become increasingly tender or painful, even with light pressure or movement.
The presence of pus is a clear indicator of infection. Pus is a thick, opaque fluid that can be white, yellow, green, or brown, and it often has an unpleasant odor. It consists of dead white blood cells, bacteria, and tissue debris, accumulating as the body fights infection.
Signs of Worsening Infection
As an infection progresses, the localized redness around the cut can start to spread further, sometimes appearing as red streaks moving away from the wound towards the heart. This streaking, known as lymphangitis, indicates that the infection is spreading through the lymphatic system. The pain associated with the cut may also intensify and become more constant, rather than just occurring with movement or touch.
A foul odor emanating from the wound, distinct from any initial wound discharge, suggests a more established bacterial presence. Systemic symptoms can also develop, signaling whole-body involvement. These include a fever, a body temperature above normal, and chills, a sensation of coldness and shivering. These systemic signs indicate a severe infection requiring prompt attention.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Seek medical attention if the signs of infection worsen despite home care, such as increasing redness, swelling, or pain. Medical evaluation is also necessary if you observe red streaks extending from the wound or if pus continues to drain from the cut. A persistent fever or chills accompanying the wound infection also warrant immediate consultation.
Cuts that are deep, large, or result from a dirty or rusty object, such as a nail or a bite, carry a higher risk of serious infection and require assessment by a healthcare provider. Individuals with underlying health conditions, including diabetes, a weakened immune system, or peripheral artery disease, should also seek prompt medical attention for any suspected cut infection, as their bodies may have a reduced capacity to fight pathogens.