Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical used primarily to manufacture polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate is a hard, clear plastic valued for its durability and shatter-resistance, while epoxy resins are used as protective coatings. Concerns over BPA’s potential to act as an endocrine disruptor, mimicking the body’s natural hormones, have prompted many consumers to seek alternatives. Identifying products free of this compound requires interpreting material codes and manufacturer labeling.
Decoding Plastic Recycling Codes
To check a plastic product, locate the Resin Identification Code (RIC)—the small triangular symbol with a number inside, usually found on the bottom. This code indicates the type of plastic resin used. The number seven is the most important to examine, as this “Other” category is the one most likely to contain BPA. Polycarbonate, the plastic made with BPA, falls into this catch-all category, often alongside the letters “PC”.
Most other RICs are considered free of BPA. Plastics labeled with RIC #1 (PET), #2 (HDPE), #4 (LDPE), and #5 (PP) are safe choices. Polypropylene (#5 PP) is common in food containers and is known for its heat resistance. Although RIC #3 (PVC) and RIC #6 (PS) are not typically made with BPA, they can present other chemical concerns and should be used with caution.
Recognizing Explicit BPA-Free Labeling
Beyond the recycling codes, the most straightforward way to confirm a product is BPA-free is by looking for explicit labeling. Manufacturers often display the phrase “BPA-Free” prominently on the packaging or molded directly into the product itself. This labeling serves as a direct assurance that Bisphenol A was not used in the material’s production.
Many companies use alternative materials to achieve the clarity and durability of polycarbonate plastic. One common substitute is Tritan plastic, a co-polyester specifically engineered and marketed as BPA-free. Tritan-based products retain a glass-like appearance and resistance to impact, making them popular for reusable drinkware. However, consumers should exercise caution when seeing labels like “BPS-Free” or “BPF-Free.” These chemicals, Bisphenol S and Bisphenol F, are structurally similar to BPA and may carry similar hormone-disrupting properties.
Identifying High-Risk Product Categories and Alternatives
BPA exposure is most common through products that contact food or drink, particularly when the items are heated or scratched. High-risk categories historically include clear, hard plastic items like reusable water bottles and some food storage containers. Older baby bottles and sippy cups were a significant source, though BPA has largely been phased out of these products.
A significant source of BPA is the epoxy resin lining found inside many metal food and beverage cans. This lining prevents the can’s metal from corroding and contaminating the contents, but the BPA can leach into the food. To minimize daily exposure, seek out inherently BPA-free materials for food and beverage contact.
The safest material alternatives include glass, which is inert and does not leach chemicals, and food-grade stainless steel. These options are durable and eliminate the need to interpret complex plastic codes or substitute chemical names. For plastic alternatives, materials like high-density polyethylene (RIC #2) and polypropylene (RIC #5 PP) are safe for food storage and are widely used in containers and lids.