Starfish, also known as sea stars, are fascinating marine invertebrates that often capture human curiosity, whether encountered on a beach or in an aquarium. Understanding the living status of these creatures is important for responsible interaction with marine ecosystems. Knowing how to discern if a starfish is alive or deceased can guide appropriate actions, helping to protect these delicate animals and their natural habitats.
Key Indicators of Life
Observing subtle movements is a primary way to determine if a starfish is alive, as these animals are not known for rapid motion. A living starfish might exhibit a slow, deliberate flexing of its arms or a gradual shifting of its body position. These movements indicate an active organism.
A more definitive sign of life lies in the activity of its tube feet, which are hundreds of small, suction-cup-like appendages located on the underside of each arm. These tube feet are essential for a starfish’s locomotion, feeding, and attachment to surfaces. If these tiny structures are seen actively moving, extending, or attempting to grip, it is a strong indication the starfish is alive. Gently touching the tube feet may also elicit a response, such as retraction or movement, confirming the creature’s vitality.
Another reliable indicator is the righting reflex. If a starfish is gently turned upside down, a living specimen will slowly attempt to flip itself back over to its normal position. This process can take time, but it signifies a functioning nervous system. While observing, it is important to handle the starfish minimally and with extreme care, avoiding prolonged exposure to air or direct contact with its delicate skin.
Recognizing a Deceased Starfish
A clear sign that a starfish is no longer alive is a complete lack of movement and a change in its physical consistency. Unlike the supple, firm texture of a living starfish, a deceased one will feel stiff, rigid, or even brittle. If the body feels soft, mushy, or crumbles apart, it indicates tissue deterioration.
Another unmistakable indicator of a deceased starfish is the presence of a strong, unpleasant odor. As decomposition begins, a distinct, rotten, or fishy smell will emanate from the body.
Visual signs of deterioration and discoloration suggest a starfish is no longer alive. This can include fading colors, the appearance of unusual patches, white spots, or a general greyish or whitish hue. Twisted or deflated arms, lesions, or a general breakdown of its physical structure also serve as clear indicators that the starfish has died.
Responsible Actions for Found Starfish
When encountering a starfish, responsible action begins with careful observation. If a starfish is determined to be alive, particularly if found out of water, it should be handled with extreme gentleness. Minimal handling, avoiding direct contact with its delicate skin and tube feet, is important to prevent harm.
The starfish should be returned to the water as quickly as possible, as they cannot survive for long periods out of their aquatic environment. Placing it gently in a calm area of the water, away from strong currents and on a similar seafloor to where it was found, provides the best chance for survival.
If a starfish is clearly deceased, the most ecologically sound approach is to leave it undisturbed in its natural environment. Decomposing starfish contribute nutrients back into the ecosystem and can serve as a food source for other marine organisms. If local regulations permit and it is deemed appropriate, a deceased starfish could be returned to the ocean to decompose naturally and contribute to the marine food web. It is always advisable to be aware of local regulations regarding the collection of marine life, as removing organisms, even deceased ones, may be prohibited in some areas.