Squirrels are a common sight in many backyards and parks. These adaptable rodents exhibit distinct reproductive cycles throughout the year, typically having two breeding seasons. Observing squirrels closely can reveal signs of pregnancy, which involves recognizing both physical changes and shifts in their behavior.
Physical Indicators
One noticeable physical sign of pregnancy is a change in her abdominal size and overall shape. As the developing young, known as kits, grow inside, the mother squirrel’s abdomen gradually expands. This distention becomes more apparent in later gestation, making her appear rounder or more pear-shaped, particularly when viewed from the side or above. A significant increase in her overall body weight also accompanies this abdominal growth, distinguishing a pregnant squirrel from one that might simply be well-fed.
Another physical clue involves the squirrel’s nipples. While usually difficult to spot due to their fur, the nipples of a pregnant or lactating female become more prominent and slightly swollen. These changes are typically more visible as the pregnancy progresses and she prepares for nursing her offspring.
Behavioral Clues
A pregnant female often exhibits increased nest-building activity, meticulously gathering materials like leaves, twigs, and other soft debris. This intense preparation is for constructing a secure and comfortable maternity nest, often referred to as a drey. These nests are typically built in tree cavities or leaf nests in branches, offering a safe haven for the impending birth and raising of young.
Pregnant squirrels also tend to become more reclusive, spending more time within their nests to prepare for the arrival of their litter. This increased secretiveness helps them conserve energy and protect their developing young. A pregnant squirrel’s energy demands increase significantly, leading to a noticeable rise in her food consumption. She might be observed foraging more frequently or consuming larger quantities of food to support the growth of her kits and build up reserves for nursing.
Gestation and Nesting
A squirrel’s gestation period typically ranges from 38 to 46 days, though this can vary by species; gray squirrels, for instance, usually have a gestation period of about 42 to 45 days. After this relatively short period, female squirrels give birth to litters generally consisting of two to four young, though some can be as large as eight or nine kits.
Birthing seasons usually occur in early spring, between February and April, and again in late summer, typically August or September, with variations depending on climate and food availability. Newborn squirrels are born hairless, blind, and deaf, making them entirely dependent on their mother for care and survival during their first several weeks.