Distinguishing between male and female squirrels can be challenging due to their small size and rapid activity. This article clarifies how to determine a squirrel’s sex.
Key Visual Differences
Observing external genitalia provides the most definitive method for sexing a squirrel. A primary indicator is the anogenital distance, the space between the anal and genital openings. In male squirrels, this distance is noticeably greater, typically around 1 centimeter (0.4 inches), as their penis and scrotum are located further from the anus. Conversely, in female squirrels, the vaginal opening is located very close to the anus, resulting in a much shorter anogenital distance.
The presence of a scrotum is a clear sign of a male squirrel. During the breeding season, a male’s testes become swollen and the scrotum descends, making it more conspicuous. This swelling can make identification easier.
For female squirrels, the presence of nipples is a visual cue, particularly when they are pregnant or lactating. Female squirrels typically have eight nipples, which become more prominent and elongated when nursing young. While nipples are present year-round, they are much harder to see outside of these periods. Observing a relaxed or climbing squirrel offers a better opportunity to see these differences.
Behavioral and Other Subtle Clues
Beyond direct anatomical observation, certain behaviors and temporary physical changes offer supplementary clues, though they are less reliable for definitive sex determination. While some species might show slight size differences, overall body size is generally not a dependable indicator for most common squirrel species, as sexes are often similar in size.
Mating behaviors are a temporary indicator of sex. During breeding seasons, male squirrels often engage in energetic chases of females. In these pursuits, multiple males may chase a single female, with the female leading the chase. Observing a squirrel with juveniles indicates a female, as males do not participate in raising the young.
A pregnant female’s abdominal area is another temporary physical clue. Her belly will protrude significantly, sometimes even appearing to drag on the ground. This abdominal enlargement, along with visible nipples, indicates a female, but these signs are only present during pregnancy and lactation.
Observing Squirrels Safely and Effectively
Patience and appropriate techniques are beneficial for observing squirrels. The best times for observation are often during calmer periods, such as early morning or late afternoon. Approaching too closely can disturb the animals.
Maintaining a safe distance is important for both the observer and the squirrel. Using binoculars or a camera with a zoom lens can greatly enhance visibility without causing stress to the animal. Repeated observations can also be helpful, as squirrels may present different angles or behaviors over time, increasing the chances of spotting distinguishing features. Consistent, patient observation can yield the insights needed to determine a squirrel’s sex.