Raccoons, with their distinctive masked faces and dexterous paws, are common sights. Identifying whether a raccoon is male or female can be challenging for an untrained observer due to their similar appearances. Direct determination methods are not practical or recommended for the public.
Primary Physical Indicators
The most accurate way to determine a raccoon’s sex involves observing its external genitalia. Male raccoons possess a penis and a baculum, a bone found in the penis. The distance between the anus and the genital opening is larger in males, measuring around 1.5 to 2 inches, due to the scrotum. In contrast, female raccoons have a vulva, and the distance between their anus and genital opening is much shorter, less than an inch. Mature female raccoons also have nipples, absent in males.
However, these features are often obscured by fur and are not visible without close proximity, making direct observation difficult and unsafe for the public. Wildlife professionals primarily use these anatomical observations under controlled conditions.
Behavioral and Size Clues
While physical examination offers definitive identification, behavioral patterns and size differences offer indirect clues, though less reliable. Adult male raccoons are slightly larger and heavier than females, weighing between 15 to 40 pounds, while females range from 10 to 30 pounds. Males can be 10% to 30% larger. However, judging these size differences in the wild is difficult, especially when only one raccoon is observed or if there is significant individual variation due to diet and fat storage.
During the mating season, from February to June, male raccoons exhibit behaviors like actively pursuing females. Males are polygamous, mating with multiple females, and do not participate in raising the young. Conversely, a raccoon seen with young kits is certainly a female. Female raccoons are highly protective of their offspring and may be observed foraging during the day when their nocturnal kits are sleeping. These observations provide hints about a raccoon’s sex, but are not conclusive for definitive identification.
Prioritizing Safety and Observation
Attempting to approach or handle raccoons to determine their sex is discouraged due to significant risks. Raccoons are wild animals that can bite or scratch when threatened, cornered, or protecting their young. They are also known carriers of various diseases, including rabies, transmitted through bites or scratches. Even healthy raccoons can attack, and a rabid raccoon is more likely to approach humans without fear.
For these reasons, observe raccoons from a safe distance and never attempt to feed or touch them. Appreciating raccoons for their natural behaviors from afar is the safest approach. Wildlife professionals determine a raccoon’s sex using specialized techniques under controlled, safe conditions to minimize risks to animals and themselves. If a raccoon appears sick or injured, or if there is a concern about their presence, contact local animal control or a licensed wildlife rehabilitator.