When a baby’s gums appear swollen, it often indicates a natural developmental stage, though it can sometimes signal other issues. Recognizing the signs of swollen gums helps parents understand what their infant is experiencing and determine if medical attention is needed.
Identifying Swollen Gums
Observing a baby’s oral cavity can reveal several visual cues of swollen gums. The affected gum tissue may appear noticeably redder than usual, sometimes exhibiting a shiny or somewhat translucent appearance. In specific areas where a tooth is preparing to emerge, the gum might show a slight bulge or be visibly distended.
Beyond visual signs, behavioral changes in an infant can also point towards gum discomfort. Increased fussiness and irritability are common, as is excessive drooling. Babies might also develop a strong urge to chew on anything within reach, such as toys, blankets, or their own fingers, in an attempt to relieve pressure. Changes in feeding patterns, like refusing to nurse or take a bottle, or waking more frequently during the night, can also occur. A mild elevation in body temperature, typically a low-grade fever below 100.4°F (38°C), can accompany these signs, but higher fevers are generally not associated with this process.
Understanding the Causes
The most frequent reason for swollen gums in infants is teething, which involves a tooth breaking through the gum tissue. This process typically begins when a baby is between six and twelve months old, though the exact timing varies greatly among individuals. During teething, the developing tooth crown pushes against the overlying gum, causing inflammation and tenderness in the specific area of eruption.
While teething is the primary cause, other less concerning factors can also lead to temporary gum swelling. Minor irritation can result from abrasive solid foods introduced into the diet, which might gently rub against the delicate gum tissue. Frequent or vigorous pacifier use, or even persistent thumb-sucking, can create friction and mild inflammation on the gums. These instances of swelling are usually temporary and resolve quickly once the irritant is removed or the behavior ceases.
When to Consult a Pediatrician
While swollen gums are often a normal part of development, certain symptoms warrant a consultation with a pediatrician. A high fever, specifically one exceeding 101°F (38.3°C), is not typically a direct symptom of teething and could indicate an underlying illness. Extreme and inconsolable fussiness, where the baby cannot be comforted despite various soothing efforts, suggests a level of discomfort beyond typical teething.
Parents should also seek medical advice if the baby exhibits a significant refusal to eat or drink for an extended period, which could lead to dehydration. Persistent or severe diarrhea, often mistakenly attributed to teething, is also a concerning symptom that requires evaluation. Any signs of infection, such as visible pus, severe localized swelling that extends beyond the immediate gum area, unusual discoloration like dark red or purple, or warmth to the touch around the jaw, indicate a need for prompt medical attention.