The experience of being “high” refers to the psychoactive effects that follow the consumption of certain substances, most commonly tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) found in cannabis. This state is highly subjective and variable, influenced by the interaction between the chemical compounds and the individual’s unique biological makeup. There is no single universal metric to precisely quantify the degree of this intoxication. Individual factors such as genetics, frequency of use, and overall health significantly determine the perceived intensity and duration of the effects.
Internal Indicators of Impairment
A person’s self-assessment relies on internal, subjective changes in thought process and emotional state. Altered perception of time is a common cognitive sign, where minutes may feel longer or shorter than they actually are. The ability to maintain attention and focus is diminished, making it difficult to follow complex conversations or tasks.
Short-term memory function is affected, leading to difficulty recalling recent events or finishing a thought. This is often described as a “foggy” or slowed mental state, where the speed of processing information decreases. Subjective emotional experiences can range widely, encompassing feelings of euphoria, giddiness, or deep relaxation.
The experience can also include negative psychological effects, such as increased anxiety, panic, or paranoia, particularly with higher doses. Sensory perception is heightened, making colors appear more vivid or sounds seem more intense. This altered sensory input contributes to the overall feeling of being intoxicated.
Impaired judgment and a sensation of social withdrawal may also be noticed internally. The shift in mood can be abrupt, transitioning from a state of liveliness to one of introspection. These changes in mental status are the primary way an individual gauges their level of impairment.
Observable Physiological Changes
Certain physical responses can be externally observed or are noticeable to the individual experiencing the high. One common physiological sign is conjunctival injection, which presents as visible redness or bloodshot appearance in the eyes. This is often accompanied by xerostomia, or dry mouth.
The cardiovascular system reacts with an increase in heart rate, a condition called tachycardia, developing within two hours of use. Motor coordination can become impaired, resulting in slow movements, delayed reaction times, and difficulty with balance. This is a direct manifestation of the substance’s effect on psychomotor performance.
Speech patterns may change, becoming slower in cadence or slightly slurred, reflecting a deceleration of cognitive function. An increase in appetite, commonly referred to as “the munchies,” is another observed physical symptom. These physical manifestations, along with cognitive changes, are part of the diagnostic criteria for cannabis intoxication.
Factors Determining Intensity and Duration
The intensity and longevity of the effects are significantly influenced by the method of consumption. Inhalation, such as smoking or vaping, delivers THC directly to the bloodstream through the lungs, resulting in a rapid onset of effects, usually within minutes. The effects from inhalation typically peak quickly and have a shorter duration, often lasting two to four hours.
In contrast, oral consumption through edibles requires the THC to be digested and metabolized by the liver before entering the bloodstream. This process converts THC into a more potent compound, 11-hydroxy-THC, which results in a delayed onset of 45 minutes to two hours. Once the effects begin, they are perceived as more intense and can last longer, sometimes for six to ten hours.
The concentration of THC in the product is a primary determinant of intensity, as modern strains can vary from under 5% to over 30%. A higher dosage or concentration leads to more pronounced and longer-lasting effects. Individual tolerance, which develops with frequent use, also modulates the experience; regular users require higher doses to achieve the same level of intoxication compared to infrequent users.
Metabolism and body chemistry introduce further variability in the experience. Factors like body weight, hydration level, and recent food consumption can affect the absorption rate, especially with edibles. Consuming edibles on a full stomach can slow the absorption of THC, which may delay the onset and extend the duration of the experience.