Patellar taping is a common non-invasive method used to temporarily stabilize the kneecap and relieve associated knee pain. This technique is often employed for conditions like patellofemoral pain syndrome, which frequently causes discomfort during activities such as running, climbing, or descending stairs. By mechanically correcting the patella’s position, taping lessens the strain on the joint and surrounding soft tissues. This temporary relief allows individuals to participate more comfortably in rehabilitative exercises.
Understanding Patellar Taping and Necessary Supplies
The effectiveness of patellar taping stems from its ability to influence patellar tracking and alignment within the trochlear groove of the femur. Improper alignment leads to increased joint stress and pain. Non-elastic tape provides a sustained external force that guides the patella into a more optimal position, often correcting a tendency for the kneecap to shift laterally. This realignment reduces compressive forces and may improve the activation timing of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscle.
To perform this technique, two types of tape are required. The first is a hypoallergenic, protective underlay tape, such as Fixomull or Cover-Roll, applied directly to the skin to minimize irritation. The second is a rigid, non-elastic athletic tape, often referred to as Leukotape P or zinc oxide tape. This rigid tape provides the mechanical pull necessary to achieve and maintain the patellar correction.
Step-by-Step Guide to Patellar Taping Application
Before application, ensure the skin around the knee is clean, dry, and free of oils. Sit with the knee slightly bent (20 to 30 degrees of flexion) for easier access and proper tensioning. Apply the hypoallergenic underlay tape across the entire area where the rigid tape will be placed, covering the kneecap and extending several inches medially and laterally. This protective layer is applied without tension, acting solely as a barrier against skin irritation.
The most common correction is a medial glide, pulling the kneecap toward the inner thigh. Cut a strip of rigid tape long enough to span the kneecap’s width and anchor it firmly to the underlay tape on the outer side of the patella. Manually push the kneecap medially until you feel comfortable resistance or the pain is noticeably reduced. While holding this corrected position, pull the rigid tape across the kneecap and secure the other end firmly to the underlay tape on the inner side of the knee.
The key is maintaining the manual correction while applying tension to the rigid tape as you smooth it down. Wrinkles should develop in the underlay tape on the medial side, indicating a successful shift. The goal is a noticeable reduction in pain when performing an aggravating movement, such as a partial squat or step. You may repeat this process with one or two additional overlapping strips of rigid tape to reinforce the correction.
Troubleshooting and Safety Precautions
Testing and Circulation
Immediately after application, test movements like walking or stair negotiation. If the pain does not decrease or if it increases, the tape should be removed immediately. The tape must also be removed if you notice signs of poor circulation in the lower leg or foot, such as:
- Numbness
- Tingling
- Change in color (discoloration)
These symptoms indicate the tape may be too tight, potentially compressing nerves or blood vessels.
Skin Safety and Removal
Never apply tape over open cuts, wounds, rashes, or irritated skin. Skin irritation, including excessive redness, itching, or blistering beneath the tape, is the most frequent complication and requires prompt removal. When removing the tape, do so slowly and gently, peeling in the direction of hair growth or using a specialized adhesive remover to prevent skin tears.
Temporary Use
This taping method is intended as a temporary measure and diagnostic tool, not a long-term solution. If the tape does not provide immediate pain relief, or if your symptoms worsen, consult a physical therapist or medical professional. They can provide a comprehensive evaluation to address the underlying cause of the knee pain.