Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common cause of pain experienced at the front of the knee, specifically around or underneath the kneecap (patella). Often referred to as “Runner’s Knee,” this condition can make simple activities like climbing stairs, squatting, or prolonged sitting difficult due to a dull, aching sensation. Taping the patella is a widely used, non-invasive method that offers temporary relief and immediate mechanical support for the joint. The following guide details the application of corrective tape, but it should not replace a comprehensive treatment plan from a healthcare provider.
The Rationale Behind Patellar Taping
The pain associated with PFPS often stems from the patella tracking incorrectly within the trochlear groove of the thigh bone (femur), where the kneecap shifts or tilts. This maltracking can lead to increased friction and pressure on the structures underneath the patella, causing irritation and discomfort. The goal of corrective patellar taping, often following a modified McConnell technique, is to mechanically reposition the kneecap to improve its alignment.
Applying a rigid, non-stretch tape helps to glide the patella back into a more optimal position, typically by pulling it medially (inward) to counteract a common lateral (outward) pull. This physical correction aims to increase the contact area between the patella and the femur, which reduces the stress placed on the joint during movement. The immediate sensation of relief allows many individuals to engage in pain-free movement and subsequent rehabilitation.
Step-by-Step Application of Corrective Tape
To begin the application, you will need two types of materials: a thin, adhesive underwrap or skin preparation product, and a roll of rigid, non-stretch athletic tape, typically one to two inches wide. The skin around the knee must be clean, dry, and free of oils, lotions, or hair to ensure maximum adhesion.
The first step involves creating a protective layer for the skin by applying a hypoallergenic underwrap directly over the front of the knee, covering the entire patellar area. This base layer is important because the strong adhesive of the rigid tape can cause skin irritation. Once the base layer is secure, the rigid corrective tape is ready to be applied.
The most common application for PFPS is a medial glide correction, which aims to pull the patella inward toward the center of the body. The knee should be relaxed and the leg relatively straight, typically positioned with the knee bent only slightly to about 20 degrees. Take a strip of rigid tape long enough to span from the outer edge of the kneecap, across the patella, and onto the inner side of the knee.
Anchor the tape firmly onto the lateral (outer) side of the kneecap, just beside the patella. Next, use your thumb and index finger to gently but firmly push the patella medially—a movement that should not cause pain—and glide it inward to its corrected position. While holding this corrective pressure, pull the strip of rigid tape tautly over the kneecap and adhere the other end onto the medial (inner) side of the knee, securing the patella in its new position.
The successful application will result in noticeable wrinkles appearing in the skin and underwrap on the medial side of the kneecap, indicating the skin has been pulled to hold the patella in the corrected alignment. Multiple strips of tape can be applied in an overlapping fashion to reinforce the correction. After application, the knee should be bent and straightened a few times to ensure the tape does not restrict movement or create uncomfortable pressure points.
Safety, Duration, and Professional Consultation
Patellar taping is intended to be a short-term aid, generally worn for a period of one to three days before it needs to be removed and potentially reapplied. The tape should be removed immediately if you experience itching, burning, numbness, or a tingling sensation, as these may indicate an allergic reaction, severe skin irritation, or impeded circulation. The skin underneath the tape should be checked for blisters or redness upon removal, and any severe irritation requires a break from taping.
While taping can provide immediate pain relief, it does not address the underlying muscular imbalances or weakness that contribute to PFPS. It functions as a supportive measure to allow for participation in strengthening and rehabilitation exercises, which are the long-term solution. Relying solely on tape without incorporating a structured exercise program is unlikely to lead to a lasting resolution of the pain.
It is recommended to consult with a physical therapist or a doctor to obtain an accurate diagnosis and determine the specific direction of patellar correction needed for your knee. They can correctly assess whether your kneecap requires a medial glide, a tilt correction, or a rotational adjustment, as a custom-tailored application is more effective than a generic one. A professional can integrate taping into a comprehensive plan that includes strengthening the hip and thigh muscles for sustained relief.