Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a common condition characterized by pain around or behind the kneecap (patella) that worsens during activities like squatting, climbing stairs, or prolonged sitting. The pain results from the patella not tracking smoothly in the groove of the thigh bone (femur), often due to excessive lateral movement or tilt. Taping is a supportive tool used to offer immediate, short-term relief by improving the mechanics of the kneecap during movement, allowing for more comfortable participation in rehabilitation exercises.
The Purpose and Preparation for Knee Taping
The goal of taping for PFPS is to correct the patella’s positioning, ensuring it glides properly within the trochlear groove of the femur. Since the kneecap often tracks too far toward the outside (laterally), the tape physically shifts the patella back toward the inside (medially) to alleviate this maltracking.
To prepare for application, gather non-stretch rigid athletic tape, a protective underwrap (like Fixomull), and sharp scissors. Skin preparation is important for maximum adherence and to prevent irritation; the area must be clean, dry, and free of lotions or hair. If using rigid tape, applying a wide strip of underwrap above and below the kneecap provides an anchor and protects the skin from the strong adhesive.
Applying the Rigid McConnell Taping Technique
The McConnell technique provides mechanical correction to the patellar position. This method requires the knee to be relaxed and slightly bent, often at a 20-30 degree angle, or positioned for comfort. The application begins with the non-tensioned protective underwrap, placed across the top and bottom of the patella to serve as the anchor for the rigid tape.
The corrective strip of rigid tape is anchored to the outer edge of the patella. The kneecap is physically pushed toward the inside of the leg (medially) by the person applying the tape. The rigid tape is then pulled with strong tension across the patella and firmly secured onto the inner anchor tape. This strong pull creates a visible skin fold on the inner side of the knee, confirming the patella has been shifted.
Multiple strips of rigid tape may be layered over the initial strip to reinforce the hold and maintain the correction. The goal is to hold the kneecap in a position that immediately reduces or eliminates the pain experienced during a provocative test, such as a mini-squat or stair step. This support allows the patient to engage in activities with less discomfort, which facilitates muscle activation around the knee.
Using Elastic Kinesiology Tape for Support
Elastic Kinesiology tape offers an alternative approach focusing on proprioceptive feedback and decompression rather than mechanical repositioning. Kinesiology tape is elastic, designed to move with the body while providing a gentle lift to the skin. This lifting action is theorized to increase space beneath the skin, potentially improving circulation and reducing pressure on pain receptors.
A common method involves applying a Y-strip around the kneecap for gentle support. First, an I-strip is applied with moderate tension (50-75% stretch) directly over the painful area, often inferior to the patella, with the anchors secured with no tension. A second piece, shaped like a Y, is anchored with zero tension above the kneecap on the thigh. The two tails of the Y are then applied with light to moderate stretch (25-50%) to cup the kneecap, running down the inner and outer sides.
The edges of all Kinesiology tape strips should be rounded before application, as this prevents peeling and extends the wear time. Tension should be concentrated over the area needing support, while the start and end of the tape (the anchors) must always be applied with zero tension to prevent skin irritation and ensure adherence. This method provides sensory input that can help guide the kneecap’s movement and improve muscle timing without the aggressive repositioning of the rigid technique.
Post-Application Safety and Duration Guidelines
Once the tape is applied, if it causes increased pain, numbness, tingling, or a change in skin color below the application site, it must be removed immediately. The duration the tape can be safely worn varies depending on the material and skin sensitivity. Rigid athletic tape applications are worn for a shorter duration, often only for a single day or during specific activities, due to the high tension and risk of skin breakdown. Elastic Kinesiology tape is safe to wear for two to three days, and sometimes up to five days, as it is water-resistant and comfortable for continuous wear.
Taping is an assistive tool, not a cure. If pain persists or worsens after a few applications, consultation with a physical therapist or medical professional is necessary to receive a definitive diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment plan.