The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is a connection at the top of the shoulder where the collarbone (clavicle) meets the acromion (part of the shoulder blade). Stabilized by surrounding ligaments, this joint facilitates the shoulder’s wide range of motion. When the joint is strained or separated, often from a fall or direct impact, taping is a common non-surgical method for temporary support and pain relief. The technique restricts the upward movement of the clavicle, offering stability and reducing stress on injured ligaments, especially for mild injuries.
Preparing for AC Joint Taping
Before applying tape, gather the correct materials to ensure the technique is successful. The primary material is non-elastic, rigid sports tape, typically 1.5 inches wide, which provides the mechanical support needed to stabilize the joint. Elastic underwrap, or pre-wrap, should also be used to protect the skin from irritation caused by the rigid tape’s strong adhesive.
To improve adhesion, especially in areas prone to sweat, an adhesive spray can be lightly applied to the skin beforehand. Proper skin preparation is important, starting with a thorough cleaning of the area to remove oils, lotions, or dirt that could compromise the tape’s grip. Excessive hair in the taping area should be trimmed or shaved to prevent discomfort during removal and ensure better contact with the skin.
Step-by-Step AC Joint Taping Technique
The taping process begins by positioning the person so the shoulder is relaxed, often with the arm slightly supported, to maintain a reduced position of the clavicle. First, apply the underwrap, covering the entire area where the rigid tape will be placed, extending across the upper chest, over the shoulder, and down the upper arm. This protective layer prevents direct contact between the skin and the adhesive tape.
Structural support begins with anchor strips, which are non-tensioned pieces of rigid tape providing a base for the support strips. One anchor is placed horizontally across the upper chest, and a second is placed around the upper arm, just below the deltoid muscle. Apply the arm anchor gently, often with the bicep flexed, to avoid restricting circulation once the arm relaxes.
Next, apply the vertical support strips, which are the main mechanism for pulling the clavicle downward. These strips run from the chest anchor, over the AC joint, and down to the anchor on the upper arm. Each strip is applied with tension over the AC joint, overlapping the previous strip by about half. Repeat this layering with multiple strips to build the mechanical force needed to depress the clavicle and stabilize the joint.
After the vertical strips are in place, apply horizontal locking strips over the chest and arm anchors to secure the ends of the support strips. These lock-off strips prevent the vertical tape edges from peeling up, increasing the application’s durability. The final tape job should restrict upward movement of the clavicle. However, the patient must be able to move their arm without significant pain or noticeable changes in skin color, which would indicate compromised circulation.
When Taping Is Not Appropriate
While AC joint taping offers temporary relief and support, it is not appropriate for all shoulder injuries. Taping is generally reserved for mild separations, specifically Grade I or Grade II injuries, where the ligaments are only sprained or partially torn. In these cases, the integrity of the stabilizing ligaments, particularly the coracoclavicular ligaments, is mostly maintained.
Individuals experiencing severe pain, significant swelling, or a visible step-off deformity should seek professional medical diagnosis immediately. A visible prominence or displacement of the clavicle indicates a more severe Grade III separation or higher, where the ligaments are completely torn. For these unstable injuries, taping is insufficient; a sling, prolonged rest, or surgical intervention may be required.
Taping should be avoided if there are open wounds, severe abrasions, or a known allergy to adhesive materials in the area. A proper diagnosis from a physician, physical therapist, or certified athletic trainer should always precede the decision to tape. Taping is best viewed as a temporary measure to manage symptoms during recovery or an aid during the transition back to activity, and it does not replace professional medical guidance.