The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is a connection at the highest point of the shoulder, where the clavicle (collarbone) meets the acromion (part of the shoulder blade). Injuries, often resulting from a direct blow or a fall, can cause a sprain or separation leading to localized pain and instability. Applying specialized athletic tape is a frequent, non-invasive method used to provide mechanical support, reduce pain, and restrict excessive movement during healing. This technique offers a temporary external brace. However, this information is for educational purposes only and must not replace a professional medical evaluation, diagnosis, or prescribed treatment plan from a qualified healthcare provider.
Required Taping Materials
Preparing all necessary items before starting the application ensures a smooth and effective taping process. The foundation of this support technique is non-elastic, rigid athletic tape, typically one to one-and-a-half inches wide, which provides the strong mechanical tension needed to depress the clavicle.
You will need the following materials:
- Porous underwrap (pre-wrap) to apply directly to the skin. This creates a protective barrier, as rigid tape can cause irritation.
- A skin preparation product, such as an adhesive spray or cleaning wipe, to remove oils and lotions, significantly improving tape adhesion and longevity.
- Non-elastic, rigid athletic tape (1 to 1.5 inches wide) for mechanical tension.
- A wider, elastic adhesive bandage (EAB) or flexible cohesive wrap. This is used as a covering layer to secure the main rigid strips and prevent peeling.
- Sharp, specialized scissors are required to cut the rigid tape cleanly and efficiently.
Detailed Taping Procedure
Preparation and Anchoring
The first step involves positioning the arm and preparing the skin to maximize the tape’s effectiveness and comfort. The shoulder should be placed in a slightly elevated and retracted position, often achieved by having the individual rest the hand of the injured side on their hip, turning the thumb backward. Clean the skin thoroughly with an alcohol-based wipe, and then apply a thin layer of adhesive spray to the entire area where the tape will be placed, allowing it to dry until tacky.
Next, apply the anchor strips, which serve as the foundation for the stabilizing strips that follow. A proximal anchor strip of elastic adhesive tape is placed horizontally across the upper chest, extending from the sternum to the back of the shoulder blade. A distal anchor of the same tape is applied around the upper arm. It is important that the distal arm anchor is applied with the bicep muscle slightly flexed to allow for muscle expansion during movement, preventing potential circulation issues or skin pinching.
Applying Stabilizing Strips
The stabilizing strips use the non-elastic, rigid tape, which is designed to provide mechanical depression on the clavicle. These strips are placed over the AC joint in a series of overlapping strips, often forming a basketweave or “H” pattern. Each strip must cross directly over the AC joint with firm, downward tension applied to the clavicle, pulling it down toward the anchor on the upper arm. This action counteracts the upward displacement of the injured joint.
For a common technique, the first rigid strip is applied from the front anchor, across the AC joint, and down toward the back anchor. The second strip runs from the distal anchor on the arm, across the joint, and toward the chest anchor. Layer several strips with about 50% overlap to create a strong, non-stretching force that maintains the reduced position of the clavicle.
Securing and Checking
The final step is to secure these rigid strips by applying a second layer of the elastic adhesive bandage over the proximal and distal anchors. This ensures all ends of the rigid tape are covered and locked down. Immediately after application, check the person’s circulation in the hand and fingers. Ensure the tape is not applied too tightly and that movement and comfort are acceptable.
When Not to Tape the Joint
Taping is not appropriate for all AC joint injuries. Any suspected injury involving a visible deformity, extreme pain, or the complete inability to move the arm requires immediate consultation with a medical professional. These signs may indicate a high-grade AC separation (Grade 3 or higher) or a fracture requiring specialized treatment. Taping a severe injury without proper medical assessment may worsen the condition or delay necessary intervention.
Taping must also be avoided if the skin in the area is compromised, including open wounds, cuts, blisters, severe rashes, or active infections. The adhesive and constant pressure of the tape can exacerbate these conditions, potentially leading to skin breakdown or infection. Individuals with known allergies to adhesive materials should not use standard athletic tape.
If the person experiences numbness, tingling, or a noticeable color change in the fingers or hand after application, the tape must be immediately removed to prevent compromised blood flow or nerve compression. The tape is a temporary measure and should not be worn for more than a few days without being checked and potentially reapplied by a healthcare provider, as its effectiveness degrades with activity and moisture. Even after successful taping provides pain relief, professional diagnosis is necessary to establish a long-term rehabilitation plan and rule out underlying issues. Taping addresses symptoms, but a comprehensive recovery plan requires guidance from a physician or physical therapist to ensure full healing and restoration of strength and function.