The deltoid muscle is the large, three-part muscle that forms the rounded contour of the shoulder and is responsible for lifting the arm. A muscle strain, often called a pulled muscle, occurs when the muscle fibers tear due to overstretching or excessive force. Taping the area with specialized athletic tape is a common method used to provide short-term support, reduce pain, and offer mechanical stability to the injured muscle during necessary movement.
Identifying the Deltoid Strain
A deltoid strain typically presents as localized pain directly over the shoulder cap, which worsens when attempting to move the arm. The injured area may feel tender to the touch, and mild swelling or bruising can develop, depending on the severity of the tear. Strains are graded: Grade I is a minor tear, and Grade II involves a partial tear causing noticeable weakness and limited motion.
The deltoid has anterior (front), medial (side), and posterior (back) sections, so the taping application must be tailored to the strain’s location. Self-taping is suitable for mild Grade I and some Grade II strains. Severe pain, a palpable gap in the muscle tissue, or a complete inability to lift the arm may indicate a Grade III rupture or a more complex injury. If a snapping or popping sound was heard, or if the pain is debilitating, professional medical diagnosis is necessary before attempting self-treatment.
Preparation and Necessary Materials
The primary material for supportive taping is Kinesiology Tape (K-tape), a flexible, elastic cotton tape that mimics the skin’s elasticity, allowing for full range of motion. K-tape provides a lift to the skin, which can help improve circulation and reduce pressure on pain receptors. You will need sharp scissors and rubbing alcohol or soap and water to clean the application area.
Cleaning the skin removes oils or lotions, ensuring optimal tape adhesion. Excessive hair should be trimmed or shaved, as the adhesive will not stick securely to hair and may cause irritation upon removal. For successful application, the deltoid muscle must be placed in a stretched position before the tape is applied. This usually involves having the arm hanging loosely or positioned slightly across the body, depending on the injured muscle section.
Step-by-Step Taping Technique
The most effective technique for a deltoid strain uses one I-strip and one Y-strip of Kinesiology Tape. Measure the tape against the shoulder to ensure the strips cover the muscle belly from the distal upper arm up to the shoulder joint. Always round the edges of the tape strips, as this prevents peeling and helps the tape stay on longer.
Applying the I-Strip (Decompression)
The I-strip serves as a decompression strip. Tear the backing paper in the middle and apply the center of the strip with approximately 50% tension directly over the area of greatest pain. The purpose of this strip is to gently lift the skin and underlying tissue over the injured site. Place the anchors (the last two inches of the tape) onto the skin without any stretch to prevent irritation.
Applying the Y-Strip (Support)
The Y-strip supports the muscle fibers around the injured area. For an anterior deltoid strain, place the anchor on the upper arm just below the painful site, with the arm extended slightly backward to stretch the anterior fibers. Apply the two tails around the front borders of the deltoid, guiding them toward the collarbone area with only a 25% stretch.
For a posterior deltoid strain, position the arm across the chest to stretch the posterior fibers. Place the anchor on the upper arm and guide the two tails around the back borders of the deltoid, leading them toward the shoulder blade’s spine. Once all strips are in place, firmly rub the entire surface of the tape; the friction activates the adhesive, securing the bond.
Post-Application Care and When to Seek Professional Help
Kinesiology Tape is designed to be worn continuously, typically lasting between three and five days, even through showering or exercise. After bathing, the tape should be patted dry gently rather than rubbed vigorously with a towel. If the tape begins to peel at the edges, trim the loose sections to prevent further peeling.
Remove the tape immediately if you experience signs of circulatory compromise, such as numbness, tingling, or blue discoloration in your fingers or hand. Severe itching, a rash, or blistering under the tape indicates a skin reaction to the adhesive, requiring immediate removal. To remove the tape, apply baby oil or olive oil to the strips to break down the adhesive, then slowly peel the tape in the direction of hair growth to minimize discomfort.
While taping provides temporary relief for minor strains, certain warning signs indicate the injury is too severe for self-management and requires immediate medical attention. These include the inability to move the arm at all, severe swelling that increases significantly over a few hours, or pain that does not decrease even slightly after the tape is applied. If symptoms do not improve within 48 to 72 hours, or if you suspect a complete tear, consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.