Pinworms, also known as threadworms, are parasitic worms that can live in the human intestines. These common infections are particularly prevalent among children and can cause uncomfortable symptoms such as anal itching, especially at night. While not typically causing serious health problems, pinworm infections are highly contagious. Medications are available to effectively treat these infections by targeting the worms in the digestive system.
Types of Pinworm Medicine
Pinworm medications are available in both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription forms. Pyrantel pamoate is the primary active ingredient found in OTC options, such as Reese’s Pinworm Medicine. This medication works by paralyzing the pinworms, which then allows the body to expel them naturally through stool. Pyrantel pamoate is often considered effective as a single dose treatment.
For situations requiring a healthcare professional’s guidance, prescription medications like mebendazole and albendazole are available. These prescription medications interfere with the worms’ ability to survive. Mebendazole is often prescribed as a single dose for pinworm infections. Albendazole is another anthelmintic prescribed for pinworms. A doctor might recommend a prescription option if OTC treatments are ineffective, or for specific patient needs like age considerations or co-existing conditions.
Administering the Medicine
Dosage is determined by age or body weight, and it is crucial to follow instructions on the product label or from a healthcare professional. For pyrantel pamoate, the oral dosage is usually a single dose of 5 milligrams of pyrantel base per pound, or 11 milligrams per kilogram, of body weight, not exceeding 1 gram. This single dose can be taken any time of day, with or without meals, and may be mixed with milk or fruit juice.
Mebendazole is often given as a single 100 mg dose for individuals over 6 months of age. Albendazole is typically a single 400 mg dose for adults and children weighing 20 kg or more, with 200 mg for children under 20 kg. Albendazole should generally be taken with meals, particularly fatty foods, to enhance absorption.
Many pinworm medications require a second dose approximately two weeks after the initial treatment. This repeat dose is important because the first dose kills existing adult worms but does not eliminate all eggs, and the second dose targets any newly hatched worms from surviving eggs, helping to prevent re-infection. If using a liquid suspension, shake the bottle well before measuring, and always use a specialized dosing syringe or measuring device rather than a kitchen spoon to ensure accuracy. If a single dose of pyrantel pamoate is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered. Most pinworm medications should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat, and should not be frozen.
Important Considerations During Treatment
During treatment, individuals may experience mild and temporary side effects such as stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, or dizziness. These effects are not severe, but if they persist or worsen, medical attention should be sought.
Preventing re-infection is important for successful pinworm treatment. Pinworm eggs are highly contagious and can survive on surfaces for up to two to three weeks. Frequent and thorough handwashing with soap and warm water, especially after using the toilet and before handling food, is very important. Keeping fingernails short and clean, and avoiding nail-biting or scratching the anal area, helps prevent the transfer of eggs. Daily showering, rather than bathing, can help remove eggs from the skin, and bedding, towels, and clothing should be washed frequently in hot water and dried on high heat.
Given the ease with which pinworms spread, it is often recommended to treat all household members simultaneously, even if they show no symptoms. This collective treatment helps to prevent cross-infection and breaks the cycle of re-infection within the home. Consultation with a doctor is advised if symptoms persist after treatment, if there are severe symptoms, or if the infected individual is a child under two years old, pregnant, or breastfeeding. Individuals with underlying health conditions or those taking other medications should also consult a healthcare provider to discuss potential drug interactions.