Docusate sodium is a commonly used medication for occasional constipation. This over-the-counter stool softener works by drawing water and fat into the stool, which helps to soften the fecal mass and make it easier to pass. It is often recommended when straining during bowel movements should be avoided, such as after surgery or a heart attack.
How to Administer Docusate Sodium
Docusate sodium is available in various forms, including capsules, tablets, liquids, and syrups. For oral forms like capsules and tablets, adults take 50 to 400 milligrams (mg) per day, as a single dose or divided. Swallow oral capsules and tablets whole with a full glass of water. Liquid or syrup formulations can be mixed with milk or fruit juice to mask bitter taste and prevent throat irritation, using a proper measuring device.
For children, dosage depends on age and the specific docusate product; consult a healthcare provider before administration. Children aged 12 to 17 years may take 50 to 300 mg daily, while those aged 2 to 11 years use 50 to 150 mg per day, often in divided doses. For infants and children under 2 years old, medical supervision is advised, as safety and efficacy are not fully established. Rectal enemas offer a rapid effect and are administered by gently inserting the lubricated applicator tip into the rectum and emptying the contents.
When to Expect Results and How Long to Use It
Docusate sodium works gradually to soften stools. Oral forms produce a bowel movement within 12 to 72 hours after the first dose, meaning effects may not be noticeable for one to three days. Rectal enemas work much faster, producing a bowel movement within 2 to 15 minutes of administration.
Docusate sodium is intended for short-term use to relieve occasional constipation. Do not use for more than seven consecutive days unless directed by a healthcare professional. Prolonged use can lead to bowel reliance, hindering its natural function. If constipation persists or worsens after three to five days, or if no bowel movement occurs, contact a doctor for further evaluation.
Key Safety Information and Precautions
Docusate sodium can cause some side effects. Common mild side effects include stomach pain, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea. Liquid formulations may also cause throat irritation or a bitter taste. If diarrhea becomes severe, especially for mild constipation, stop the medication and ensure adequate fluid intake.
Serious side effects warrant immediate medical attention. These include rectal bleeding, severe abdominal pain or cramping, and signs of an allergic reaction such as a rash, hives, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, or difficulty breathing. Contact a healthcare provider immediately if experiencing any of these symptoms.
Docusate sodium should not be used by individuals with a known allergy to its ingredients or those experiencing undiagnosed abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or intestinal obstruction. It is also not recommended for individuals taking mineral oil, as docusate can increase mineral oil absorption, leading to complications.
Consult a healthcare professional before using docusate sodium if pregnant or breastfeeding. While considered safe during pregnancy due to minimal absorption, other laxatives might be preferred as first-line treatments. For breastfeeding mothers, very little docusate is expected to pass into breast milk, but discuss any infant concerns, such as diarrhea, with a healthcare provider.