Dissolvable stitches, also known as absorbable sutures, are specialized threads used by medical professionals to close wounds or surgical incisions. These stitches are designed to gradually break down and be absorbed by the body over time, eliminating the need for manual removal. Their purpose is to hold the edges of a wound together, providing support for the natural healing process where new tissue can form and mend the injury. Proper care for these stitches is important to ensure successful wound closure and minimize complications.
Essential Daily Care
Caring for dissolvable stitches involves consistent and gentle daily practices to support healing and prevent infection. Keeping the wound area clean and dry is a primary step, often requiring it to remain completely dry for the first 24 to 48 hours following the procedure. After this initial period, and if approved by a medical professional, gentle showering may be permissible.
When cleaning the wound, use mild soap and clean water, washing gently from the center of the incision outwards. Avoid scrubbing, as this can irritate the skin and hinder healing. Do not use harsh products like hydrogen peroxide or alcohol, as they can slow the healing process. After washing, gently pat the area dry with a clean towel. Apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly and cover the wound with a non-stick bandage, changing it as needed.
Activities and Actions to Avoid
To promote proper healing and avoid complications, certain activities should be avoided. Do not pull, pick at, or attempt to remove the stitches yourself, as this can disrupt the wound and introduce bacteria. If surgical tape strips were applied, leave them in place until they fall off naturally.
Avoid prolonged soaking of the wound in baths, hot tubs, or swimming pools until a healthcare provider confirms it is safe, as excessive moisture can cause dissolvable sutures to break down too quickly or increase infection risk. Limit strenuous activities and exercises that put tension or pressure on the wound to prevent reopening. Minimize direct sun exposure to the healing wound. Do not apply creams, ointments, or lotions to the area without specific medical advice.
Understanding the Dissolution Process
Dissolvable stitches are designed to naturally break down and be absorbed by the body as the wound heals. These sutures are typically made from biodegradable materials, such as synthetic polymers like polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA), or polydioxanone (PDO), or from natural materials like treated animal proteins. The body’s enzymes or a process called hydrolysis gradually break down these materials into smaller components that are then absorbed and eliminated.
The timeline for dissolution varies, generally ranging from one to eight weeks, depending on the specific material used, the stitch size, and the location of the wound. Stitches in areas with more movement or moisture may dissolve more quickly. As the stitches dissolve, small pieces may come away, which is a normal part of the process and indicates the wound is healing. If a knot from an absorbable stitch is visible on the skin’s surface, it typically falls off within a few weeks.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Recognizing signs of complications is important. While some redness, swelling, and discomfort are expected during the initial healing phase, an increase in these symptoms could signal an infection. Signs of infection include worsening pain, increased redness or warmth around the wound, swelling that intensifies, or reddish streaks extending from the area.
Other concerning indicators include pus or an unpleasant odor draining from the wound, a fever, or swollen glands. If the stitches appear to be coming out too early, or if the wound begins to reopen (known as dehiscence), immediate medical attention is necessary. Dehiscence can be partial or complete, where the incision separates, potentially exposing underlying tissues. Any unusual discharge, excessive bleeding, or a feeling that the wound has “popped” or ripped also warrants prompt consultation with a healthcare provider.