The Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, often called Florist Kalanchoe or Flaming Katy, is a popular succulent houseplant cherished for its vibrant, long-lasting clusters of flowers. Native to Madagascar, this perennial succulent features thick, fleshy leaves that store water, making it relatively low-maintenance. It is widely favored by indoor gardeners because it offers a significant burst of color. Understanding its specific needs, particularly concerning light and water, ensures the plant remains healthy and blooms year after year.
Essential Environmental Setup
A thriving Kalanchoe requires substantial light to maintain its compact shape and produce blooms. The plant does best in a location that receives bright, indirect sunlight for at least six to eight hours daily, such as a few feet from a south or west-facing window. Intense, direct afternoon sun can cause the leaves to scorch, resulting in brown or bleached patches. If the plant looks “leggy,” with long, sparse stems, it needs to be moved to a brighter spot.
Kalanchoes prefer average household temperatures, ideally between 60°F and 85°F. They are sensitive to cold and must be protected from temperatures below 50°F. Avoid placing the plant near cold drafts or air conditioning vents, as sudden temperature fluctuations can cause stress. Since Kalanchoes are adapted to arid conditions, they thrive in low to moderate indoor humidity, and misting is unnecessary.
Watering Techniques and Soil Needs
Improper watering is the most frequent cause of Kalanchoe failure. Since the plant stores water in its thick leaves, it is highly susceptible to root rot if the roots remain wet for too long. Use the “soak and dry” method, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Before watering, insert a finger about two inches into the soil; if you feel any moisture, wait a few more days.
When watering, soak the soil thoroughly until excess water drains freely from the drainage holes. Immediately empty the saucer beneath the pot, ensuring the plant is never left standing in water. Adjust watering frequency seasonally, as the plant needs significantly less water during its dormant winter period. Use a specialized cactus or succulent potting mix, or amend standard potting soil with perlite or coarse sand, to ensure excellent drainage.
Maintaining Health and Encouraging Rebloom
Once the initial blooms fade, deadheading redirects the plant’s energy. Use clean scissors or snips to remove the spent flower clusters down to the first set of healthy leaves. This prevents the plant from wasting energy on seed production and encourages new foliage growth. Prune back any leggy or scraggly growth to encourage a fuller, bushier shape.
To encourage rebloom, you must simulate the short-day conditions of winter. The Kalanchoe requires 12 to 14 hours of uninterrupted, complete darkness every day for approximately six to eight weeks. This dark period cues the plant to set new flower buds. During this time, the plant should still receive bright, indirect light for the remaining daylight hours.
Once new buds are visible, discontinue the extended darkness treatment and return the plant to its usual bright location. Apply fertilizer only during the active growing season (spring and summer). Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half strength, applying it once every four to six weeks. Avoid fertilizing entirely during the plant’s resting period in the fall and winter.
Dealing with Common Issues
Several common issues can affect Kalanchoes. The most frequent problem is overwatering, which manifests as yellowing leaves, mushy stems, or root rot. If you suspect root rot, immediately remove the plant from its container to inspect the roots. Trim away any dark, soft, or damaged roots and repot the plant in fresh, dry succulent mix.
Pests like aphids and mealybugs occasionally pose a threat, often congregating on the stems or undersides of the leaves. Aphids are tiny green or black insects, while mealybugs appear as small, white, cottony masses. If an infestation is detected, isolate the plant immediately to prevent spreading. Treat the affected areas by gently wiping the insects away with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol, or by applying a targeted insecticidal soap spray.