Sublingual Immunotherapy, commonly known as “allergy drops,” offers a method for treating environmental allergies without injections. This treatment involves placing small, measured doses of allergens under the tongue daily. The goal is to gradually introduce the substances the body is allergic to, prompting the immune system to build tolerance over time.
Understanding Sublingual Immunotherapy
Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) works by exposing the immune system to increasing concentrations of specific allergens, such as pollen or dust mites, via the specialized cells found under the tongue. This controlled exposure redirects the immune response away from a hypersensitive reaction toward a state of desensitization. Unlike a quick-relief treatment, this is a disease-modifying therapy that aims for long-term reduction in allergic sensitivity. The treatment involves an initial “build-up” phase with gradually increasing doses, followed by a “maintenance” phase where a consistent, effective dose is taken. Symptom improvement is not immediate and typically begins after several months of consistent, daily dosing.
Step-by-Step Administration Guide
Before administering the dose, ensure your hands are clean and check the bottle’s label to confirm the correct vial and concentration. Consistency is important for effectiveness, so take the dose at the same time each day, preferably while at home.
To administer the drops, use the dropper or pump dispenser to place the prescribed number of drops directly beneath the tongue. Hold the liquid in this area for one to two minutes before swallowing the remaining solution.
After swallowing, you must avoid eating, drinking, or rinsing your mouth for at least 10 to 15 minutes. You should also avoid brushing your teeth or using any oral care products immediately after dosing.
Essential Safety Precautions and Monitoring
Most individuals experience only mild, localized reactions, which commonly include temporary itching, tingling, or slight swelling in the mouth, lips, or throat. These mild side effects often occur early in the treatment course and typically decrease over time as the body adjusts. If uncomfortable local itching occurs, an oral antihistamine may be taken. Notify your prescribing physician about any persistent or bothersome symptoms.
Instructions on when to skip a dose should be followed closely. You should not take a dose if you have a fever, an active respiratory infection, or uncontrolled asthma. Doses should also be held if you have open sores, cuts, or ulcers in your mouth, or immediately following recent dental work.
Though uncommon, you must be aware of the signs of a severe systemic allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis. Warning signs may include sudden difficulty breathing, wheezing, throat swelling, or a rapid drop in blood pressure. If a severe reaction is suspected, immediately use a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector and call emergency services.
Managing Treatment Logistics and Duration
The storage requirements for allergy drops can vary; many formulations do not require refrigeration. However, always follow the specific instructions provided by your clinic to maintain potency. The drops must be kept away from extreme heat, freezing temperatures, and out of reach of children.
If a daily dose is forgotten, the general guidance is to take the dose as soon as it is remembered, unless it is very close to the next scheduled dose time. Never double the dose to compensate for a missed day, as this can increase the risk of a reaction. If you miss more than a few days, contact your physician, as a dose adjustment may be necessary to safely resume treatment.
Sublingual Immunotherapy is a long-term commitment, and most patients are advised to continue daily dosing for three to five years. This extended period is necessary to train the immune system and promote a lasting tolerance to the allergens.