A suppository is a small, solid form of medication designed to dissolve or melt within a body cavity, such as the rectum or vagina. This method delivers medication for either local effects within that area or systemic effects throughout the body by absorption into the bloodstream. Suppositories offer an alternative to oral medications, particularly when a person cannot swallow pills, is experiencing nausea or vomiting, or when the medication would be poorly absorbed or broken down in the digestive tract.
Types of Suppositories
Suppositories are categorized by their insertion site, with rectal and vaginal types being the most common. Rectal suppositories are often used to relieve constipation, pain, fever, or nausea. They can also deliver medications for conditions like hemorrhoids or inflammatory bowel disease.
Vaginal suppositories address local conditions such as bacterial or fungal infections, vaginal dryness, or hormonal imbalances. Some forms may also be used for contraception.
General Preparation Steps
Proper preparation ensures effectiveness and hygiene. Begin by thoroughly washing your hands with soap and water to prevent bacteria. After unwrapping the suppository, if it feels too soft, chill it briefly in the refrigerator or under cold water while still in its wrapper to make it firmer.
Use a water-based lubricant on the tip of the suppository for smoother insertion. Avoid petroleum jelly, as it might hinder melting. Ensure privacy and a comfortable environment before starting.
Administering a Rectal Suppository
Before administering a rectal suppository, have a bowel movement if not using it as a laxative. Remove the suppository from its wrapper, avoiding excessive handling that could cause it to melt. Lie on your left side with your top leg bent towards your chest, or stand with one foot raised on a chair.
Relax your buttocks to ease insertion. Gently push the suppository, pointed end first, into the rectum. For adults, insert it approximately 1 to 3 inches past the sphincter, the muscular opening of the rectum, to ensure it stays in place. Remain still in this position for at least 5 to 15 minutes after insertion to allow the suppository to dissolve and prevent expulsion.
Administering a Vaginal Suppository
Wash your hands and the vaginal area with mild soap and water, then dry thoroughly. Unwrap the suppository. If an applicator is provided, load the suppository into it according to instructions. Lie on your back with knees bent or stand with knees bent and feet slightly apart, possibly with one foot elevated on a chair.
Gently insert the applicator into the vagina as far as it comfortably goes. Press the plunger to release the suppository, then carefully remove the applicator. If no applicator is used, insert the suppository with your finger, pushing it in as far as comfortable, aiming towards the lower back. Remain lying down for at least 10 to 15 minutes after insertion to allow the medication to dissolve and absorb, minimizing leakage.
Aftercare and Important Considerations
After administering a suppository, wash your hands. Some leakage or discharge from vaginal suppositories is normal; wear a sanitary pad to protect clothing and bedding. Avoid tampons, as they can absorb the medication, reducing its effectiveness. For rectal suppositories, a slight urge to defecate or mild discomfort may occur, but subsides within a few minutes.
Store suppositories in a cool, dry place, away from heat, to prevent melting. Unless instructed by a healthcare professional, do not cut suppositories, as this can lead to an inaccurate dose. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe pain, bleeding from the insertion site, hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, as these indicate a serious allergic reaction. Consult a healthcare professional if symptoms do not improve or worsen.