Moose are large, powerful animals, with some bulls weighing over 1,800 pounds and standing 6 feet tall at the shoulder. While attacks on humans are uncommon, their immense size and strength make them dangerous. This guidance provides practical information on avoiding and responding to potential moose encounters.
Moose Behavior and Warning Signs
Moose can exhibit aggressive behavior for several reasons, often when they perceive a threat, are protecting their young, or are harassed. Cows with calves, particularly in late spring and early summer, are highly protective and may attack if they feel their offspring are in danger. During the fall mating season, or rut, bull moose can also become territorial and unpredictable. Moose may also react aggressively if disturbed while resting, especially in winter when they are conserving energy.
Several physical and behavioral cues can indicate a moose is agitated or preparing to charge. These warning signs include ears laid back, hair standing up on the neck or shoulders, and licking or smacking their lips. A moose might also lower its head, grunt, stomp its hooves, or show the whites of its eyes. A moose walking slowly toward you while staring intently can also be a sign of aggression.
Avoiding Encounters
To reduce the likelihood of a dangerous moose interaction, take preventative measures. When hiking in moose habitat, make noise to avoid surprising an animal. Maintain awareness of your surroundings, particularly in dense foliage or near water sources where moose often feed or rest. Never approach a moose, especially a calf, and always maintain at least 25 yards distance.
Dogs can provoke moose, as moose may perceive them as predators. Keep dogs leashed and under control in moose country, or consider leaving them at home. Feeding moose is inadvisable, as it can habituate them to humans and lead to aggressive behavior when food is not provided. Always give moose ample space and time to move away on their own.
Responding to a Close Encounter
If in close proximity to a moose, remain calm. Avoid sudden movements that could startle the animal. Speaking softly can help the moose recognize your presence as a human, not a predator. Slowly back away in the direction you came from, keeping an eye on the moose’s behavior.
Give the moose an unobstructed escape route; feeling cornered increases aggression. Never position yourself between a cow and her calf. If the moose seems to be watching you or begins to take steps toward you, continue to slowly create distance. Convey that you are not a threat and are leaving the area.
If an Attack Occurs
If a moose charges or makes physical contact, immediate action is necessary. Unlike encounters with some other wildlife, running from a charging moose is advised. Attempt to place a large, solid obstacle, such as a tree, vehicle, or building, between yourself and the animal. Moose often execute bluff charges, stopping short as a warning, but take these seriously.
If knocked down or unable to escape, curl into a tight ball to protect your head and vital organs. Use your arms to shield your head and neck. A backpack can offer some protection for your back. Moose typically stop attacking once they perceive the threat has been neutralized, so remain still until the moose retreats. Do not attempt to get up until the moose has moved a safe distance away to prevent it from renewing the attack.