Gorillas are generally shy and peaceful primates. Attacks on humans are rare, typically occurring when a gorilla perceives a direct threat to its family. These incidents are defensive, not predatory, stemming from feeling provoked or cornered.
Understanding Gorilla Behavior and Prevention
Understanding gorilla behavior and habitats helps prevent encounters. Eastern and Western gorillas inhabit African tropical forests. Mountain gorillas live in high-altitude cloud forests; lowland gorillas reside in dense lowland and swamp forests.
Gorillas communicate through vocalizations and body language, displaying warnings. Chest-beating is a common display, signaling dominance or intimidation, not an immediate prelude to attack. Other warning signs include hooting, grunting, throwing vegetation, ground slapping, and standing upright. Maintain a respectful distance (at least 7 meters/23 feet) and keep quiet in gorilla territory.
De-escalation Techniques During an Encounter
If a gorilla shows agitation, de-escalation is key. Remain calm, as panic can escalate the situation. Avoid direct eye contact, as this is a challenge; instead, lower your gaze or look to the side.
Crouch slowly to appear smaller and less threatening, signaling submissiveness. Speak in a low, soft voice, or remain silent. If possible, slowly back away, giving it space without turning your back. Running away is discouraged, as it can trigger a chase response.
Responding to a Physical Attack
If de-escalation fails and a gorilla charges or makes physical contact, understand that many charges are “bluff charges.” These are intended to intimidate without making actual contact. Displays involve rushing forward, chest-beating, and loud vocalizations, often stopping short of the perceived threat.
If a gorilla makes physical contact, remain passive and avoid fighting back. Curling into a ball, protecting your head and neck, and playing dead is often the best strategy. This submissive posture conveys you are not a threat; gorillas rarely continue an attack if there is no resistance. Remain still and quiet until the gorilla loses interest and moves away.
Post-Encounter Safety
After a gorilla disengages or moves away, prioritize safety. Slowly and calmly leave the area, avoiding sudden movements. Do not immediately approach the gorillas again, even if they appear calm.
Report the incident to park rangers or local authorities as soon as it is safe. This aids human safety and wildlife monitoring. Seek medical attention for any injuries, even minor ones, for proper treatment and to prevent infections.