Oxygen cylinders are high-pressure containers storing gas used for medical or industrial purposes, and their safe handling is paramount for any user. While oxygen gas is not flammable itself, it is a powerful oxidizer, meaning it dramatically supports and accelerates combustion. Even a small increase in the surrounding air’s oxygen concentration makes materials ignite more easily and burn far hotter and faster than normal. Because the gas inside the cylinder is under extreme pressure, improper storage can lead to mechanical failure, turning the cylinder into a serious physical hazard.
Physical Security and Stability
Oxygen cylinders must be stored in an upright position to maintain the safety of the unit and its valve assembly. The high internal pressure means that if a cylinder is dropped and the valve is damaged or broken off, the container can become an uncontrolled projectile. Cylinders, whether full or empty, should be secured using a chain, strap, or specialized stand, anchoring them to a fixed, immovable structure like a wall or heavy-duty cart.
The restraint system must be placed at approximately two-thirds of the cylinder’s height to prevent tipping or accidental knocking. Rolling or dropping a cylinder is dangerous, as the impact can compromise the integrity of the valve or regulator, leading to leaks or a sudden release of gas. If a cylinder must be stored horizontally, such as during transport, it should be firmly blocked to prevent rolling.
Environmental and Temperature Control
The storage location requires proper ventilation to prevent gas accumulation in the event of a leak. Never store cylinders in small, unventilated spaces like closets, cabinets, or under a bed, as a high concentration of oxygen quickly creates a hazardous environment. A well-ventilated, cool, and dry area is the ideal environment for storage.
Extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, must be avoided to maintain the cylinder’s safety and performance. Excessive heat causes the gas inside to expand, increasing the internal pressure and stressing the cylinder walls. While specific ranges vary by manufacturer, a general temperature range to maintain is between -20°F and 125°F (-29°C to 52°C). Cylinders should not be stored in vehicles, such as a car trunk, or in damp locations, as moisture can lead to corrosion and weaken the metal.
Fire and Ignition Hazard Prevention
Because oxygen accelerates fire, preventing contact with any source of heat or ignition is the most important safety precaution. A minimum separation of 20 feet must be maintained from all heat sources, open flames, and combustible materials. This includes appliances like stoves, fireplaces, radiators, electric heaters, and heat vents.
The storage area must be a designated “safe zone” where smoking and open flames are prohibited. Stored cylinders must be kept away from flammable substances such as oil, grease, gasoline, paint thinners, and aerosols. Contact between the cylinder’s valve or regulator and oil or grease is dangerous, as the oxygen can react with these materials to initiate combustion.
Electrical equipment and faulty wiring that could produce a spark pose a significant risk and should be kept away from the cylinder. Even when the cylinder is not in use, the valve should be completely closed, and the protective cap should be securely in place to guard the valve from damage or contamination. These precautions prevent the oxidizing gas from interacting with a fuel source.