Sunburn itch, medically known as pruritus, is an intense symptom following overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The itching is typically a sign of substantial skin damage or an overreaction of irritated nerve endings as the body initiates its repair process. This article provides actionable methods for achieving immediate relief from this discomfort.
Immediate Cooling and Soothing Methods
Physical cooling calms inflamed skin and halts heat-related damage. Applying a clean cloth dampened with cool tap water provides immediate surface temperature reduction, offering a short-term reprieve from the burning and itching sensation. This should be repeated for 10-to-15-minute intervals several times daily to continuously draw heat away from the affected area.
A cool bath is another highly effective method, particularly for larger areas of burn, but harsh scrubbing must be avoided during and after the soak. Adding colloidal oatmeal introduces anti-inflammatory compounds that coat the skin, helping to soothe irritation and reduce the urge to scratch. Following any cooling procedure, applying a moisturizer containing pure aloe vera is beneficial, as it provides hydration and anti-inflammatory properties without trapping heat.
Targeted Relief with Topical Medications
Topical medications interrupt the inflammatory cycle by applying specific over-the-counter (OTC) products directly to the skin. A 1% hydrocortisone cream is a corticosteroid that can be applied sparingly to reduce localized inflammation, swelling, and itching by suppressing the immune response in the skin. This anti-itch effect can provide temporary comfort, but its use should be limited to thin applications.
Calamine lotion, containing zinc oxide, is another topical option that helps to dry out weeping or blistering skin, which can also relieve the associated itchiness. A caution for widespread or severe burns is to avoid topical anesthetics that end in “-caine,” such as benzocaine or lidocaine. These ingredients can sometimes cause a contact sensitization or allergic reaction, potentially worsening the underlying irritation and complicating the healing process.
Systemic Relief Through Oral Medications
Oral medications target systemic inflammation and histamine release to relieve discomfort from the inside. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, work by inhibiting enzymes that produce pro-inflammatory chemicals like prostaglandins. Taking an appropriate dose of an NSAID as soon as possible after sun exposure can reduce the overall pain and swelling that contribute to the itching sensation.
Oral antihistamines block the action of histamine, a chemical released by the body’s immune cells in response to skin damage. Sedating antihistamines like diphenhydramine can be particularly useful at night to promote sleep despite the irritation. Non-drowsy options, such as cetirizine, are available for daytime use to help manage the itching without causing significant drowsiness.
Behavioral Management and Safety Precautions
Behavioral precautions prevent further skin trauma and potential infection. Avoid scratching the burn, as this action offers only momentary relief and can tear the skin barrier, introducing bacteria and increasing the risk of infection. Tight clothing should also be avoided, as friction can exacerbate the irritation and intensify the itching sensation.
Heat exposure from sources like hot showers or saunas must be avoided, since adding more heat to the already inflamed tissue will increase discomfort and prolong the healing process. Seek immediate medical attention if you notice signs of infection, such as pus, increasing redness extending beyond the burn area, or red streaks. A medical professional should also be consulted if the itch is accompanied by systemic symptoms like a high fever, severe blistering over a large area, or confusion.