Sunburn is a common skin injury resulting from overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, leading to inflamed, painful, and reddened skin. While many can be treated at home with simple remedies, severe cases may require medical attention. Following the initial discomfort, the body often responds by shedding the damaged outer layer of skin, a process commonly known as peeling. Understanding how to manage this phase can help promote healing and reduce discomfort.
Understanding Why Skin Peels
Skin peeling after a sunburn is the body’s natural mechanism to remove cells that have been significantly damaged by UV radiation. When skin cells absorb too much UV light, their DNA can become compromised, triggering a response called apoptosis, or programmed cell death. This is the body’s way of preventing potentially harmful, mutated cells from continuing to divide. The damaged cells in the outermost layer of the skin begin to detach and shed, making way for new, healthier cells underneath.
Preventing Further Peeling
Taking immediate steps after a sunburn can help minimize peeling. Cooling the affected skin is beneficial; a cool shower or bath helps lower the skin’s temperature and reduce inflammation. Avoiding harsh soaps or scrubs and opting for gentle, moisturizing cleansers during this time can prevent further irritation. Applying aloe vera gel or a moisturizer immediately after bathing can help hydrate the skin and lock in moisture, as damp skin absorbs products more effectively. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water is also important, as sunburn can lead to dehydration, exacerbating skin dryness and peeling.
Applying anti-inflammatory creams, such as over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream, can also help reduce inflammation and soothe the skin, minimizing peeling. Products containing ingredients like chamomile or soy offer additional calming properties. Avoiding petroleum or oil-based lotions in the initial stages is important, as these can trap heat and worsen the burn. Protecting the affected area from further sun exposure by seeking shade or wearing protective clothing is also important to prevent additional damage.
Caring for Peeling Skin
Once skin has started to peel, the primary goal is gentle care to support the natural healing process and protect the delicate new skin underneath. It is important to resist the urge to pick or pull at peeling skin, as this can prematurely remove skin that is not ready to shed, exposing vulnerable new skin to infection or scarring. Allowing the skin to slough off naturally is the safest approach. Continued moisturizing is important; applying a thick, fragrance-free moisturizer several times a day can help keep the skin hydrated and make the peeling less noticeable.
Moisturizers containing ingredients like aloe vera or soy are recommended for their soothing and hydrating properties. Applying these products when the skin is still damp after a cool bath or shower helps to seal in moisture effectively. While the skin is peeling, it is best to wear soft, loose-fitting clothing to avoid friction and irritation. Continued protection from the sun is important, as the newly exposed skin is susceptible to UV damage. Using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 on affected areas can help shield the recovering skin.
When to Consult a Doctor
While most sunburns can be managed at home, certain symptoms indicate a need for medical attention. You should consult a doctor if the sunburn is accompanied by extensive blistering, covering a large area of the body or appearing on sensitive areas like the face, hands, or genitals. Signs of infection, such as pus, increased pain, swelling, or red streaks leading from the blistered area, warrant professional evaluation.
Medical attention is also necessary if you experience systemic symptoms like a high fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or confusion. These symptoms can signify a more severe reaction, such as sun poisoning, or indicate dehydration. Seek immediate care if there is severe pain that is not alleviated by over-the-counter pain relievers, or if you show signs of heat stroke.