Gum recession is a common dental concern where gum tissue pulls back or wears away, exposing more of the tooth, including the root surface. While it often progresses gradually, early recognition and addressing it can help manage it effectively. Various approaches exist to prevent its progression and manage its effects.
What Are Receding Gums?
Gum recession occurs when the gum tissue margin shifts away from the teeth, exposing the root surfaces. This makes teeth appear longer and can create “pockets” between the teeth and gum line where bacteria accumulate. Exposed roots often lead to increased tooth sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet stimuli, as they lack the protective enamel of the tooth crown.
Common Causes of Gum Recession
Several factors contribute to gum recession. Periodontal disease, a bacterial infection damaging gum tissue and supporting bone, is a major cause. This infection leads to inflammation, causing gums to pull away and deepen pockets where bacteria can thrive.
Aggressive toothbrushing with too much force or a hard-bristled brush can physically wear away gum tissue. Poor oral hygiene, including infrequent brushing and flossing, allows plaque and tartar to build up, irritating gums and leading to inflammation and recession. Genetics also play a role, with some individuals predisposed to thinner gum tissue or a higher susceptibility to gum disease.
Forces on the teeth also contribute to recession. Teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism) places excessive pressure on teeth and gums, causing tissue to recede. Misaligned teeth or an uneven bite can create areas of increased stress, leading to gum recession. Tobacco use, whether smoking or chewing, impairs gum health, increases plaque buildup, and hinders healing, making recession more likely. Hormonal changes in women during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause can increase gum sensitivity and inflammation. Lip or tongue piercings can also cause localized gum recession due to constant rubbing.
At-Home Management and Prevention
Proactive at-home steps can help manage existing gum recession and prevent further progression. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush with gentle, circular motions, angling the brush towards the gumline. Brushing too hard can damage delicate gum tissue. Daily flossing effectively removes plaque and food particles from between teeth and along the gumline.
Incorporating specific oral care products can be beneficial. Desensitizing toothpastes, containing ingredients like potassium nitrate or strontium chloride, can help reduce tooth sensitivity. Antimicrobial mouthwashes can help reduce bacteria in the mouth. Maintaining a balanced diet and limiting sugary or acidic foods and drinks supports a healthy oral environment. For individuals who grind or clench their teeth, stress reduction techniques or wearing a custom-fitted nightguard can alleviate damaging forces on the gums. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are important to remove hardened plaque and tartar.
Professional Treatments for Gum Recession
Dental professionals offer various interventions for gum recession, ranging from non-surgical to surgical procedures. For cases primarily caused by plaque and tartar buildup, a deep cleaning procedure called scaling and root planing is performed. This involves removing plaque and tartar from below the gumline and smoothing root surfaces to encourage gum reattachment.
When gum tissue loss is significant, surgical options like gum grafting can restore lost tissue. Common types include connective tissue grafts, where tissue is taken from beneath a flap on the roof of the mouth, and free gingival grafts, using a small piece of tissue directly from the roof of the mouth. A pedicle graft uses gum tissue from an adjacent area, rotating it over the exposed root while maintaining its blood supply. These grafting procedures aim to cover exposed roots, reduce sensitivity, and improve the gumline’s appearance.
If misaligned teeth contribute to recession, orthodontic treatment may be recommended to reposition teeth and alleviate undue pressure on the gums. Some dentists may also use tooth-colored composite resin bonding to cover exposed root surfaces, which can reduce sensitivity and improve aesthetics.
When to Seek Professional Help
Consult a dental professional if any signs of gum recession are noticed. Early detection allows for timely intervention, preventing more severe damage and preserving oral health. Schedule an appointment if teeth appear longer than usual, if there is increased tooth sensitivity, or if a notch can be felt near the gumline.
Other indicators for a dental visit include bleeding gums during brushing or flossing, persistent bad breath, or gums that appear red or swollen. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are important preventative measures, as dentists can identify early signs of gum recession or underlying gum disease. Addressing these concerns promptly can help stabilize gum tissue and reduce the risk of further complications.