Pepper spray (Oleoresin Capsicum or OC spray) contains an oily resin derived from chili peppers that causes inflammatory effects. When this irritant oil, capsaicin, contacts the skin, it binds to pain receptors, causing an intense burning sensation. Rapid removal of this oil is crucial, as hands are susceptible to discomfort and pose a significant risk of spreading the contaminant to sensitive areas. Immediate and thorough decontamination is necessary to stop the burning and prevent secondary exposure.
Immediate Decontamination of the Hands
The physical removal of capsaicin requires a process that breaks down the oil, as water alone is ineffective against the hydrophobic compound. Begin by rinsing the hands thoroughly with cool water to remove loose particles and provide initial cooling. Avoid hot water, as heat can open pores and increase the irritant’s absorption. Remove any jewelry, such as rings or watches, before washing, as they can trap the oil.
The next step is to wash the hands using a surfactant-based cleaner. Dish soap or a degreasing detergent is highly effective because they are formulated to emulsify and break down oils. Apply the soap and gently lather the hands, focusing on the areas between the fingers and underneath the fingernails. Use gentle patting motions rather than scrubbing, which can force the capsaicin deeper into the skin and increase irritation.
After washing, rinse the hands completely with a steady stream of cool water to ensure all soap and oil residue is carried away. Repeat this wash and rinse process several times for maximum removal. Pat the hands dry with a clean, dedicated towel, which must be placed in a separate laundry container to avoid cross-contamination.
Secondary Pain and Symptom Relief
Once the capsaicin oil is removed, residual burning may persist as nerve endings remain irritated. To soothe this sensation, apply a cool compress to the hands for short periods. This localized cooling helps reduce inflammation and temporarily dulls the pain signal.
Dairy products, such as milk or yogurt, contain casein, a protein that surrounds and neutralizes capsaicin molecules, pulling them away from nerve endings. A liquid antacid solution, like Maalox, can also be applied, as its mild alkaline properties may help buffer the capsaicin.
Commercial decontamination wipes or solutions are available and designed to neutralize OC spray on contact. These products often contain a solvent to break down the oil and a soothing agent. These relief measures must follow the decontamination steps and should never substitute for the initial physical removal.
Preventing Further Spread or Injury
After decontamination and initial relief, focus on preventing the spread of residue and monitoring for injury. Avoid touching the face, eyes, and other sensitive areas, as even trace amounts of capsaicin can cause intense re-exposure. Immediately change out of any contaminated clothing, handling garments carefully and washing them separately with a strong detergent.
Most symptoms on the hands are self-limiting, with intense burning typically subsiding within 30 to 60 minutes. A mild, lingering irritation may be felt for several hours afterward. Seek professional medical attention if severe symptoms develop, such as blistering or chemical burns. Also seek care if intense burning persists despite repeated decontamination, or if difficulty breathing occurs due to pre-existing respiratory issues.