A sunburn occurs when the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages the DNA within the top layer of skin cells (the epidermis). The body responds by initiating programmed cell death to eliminate these compromised cells. Peeling is the visible result of the body shedding these dead, damaged cells to make way for new, healthy skin underneath. While shedding is a natural part of healing, peeling can be minimized with targeted care focused on reducing inflammation and maintaining deep hydration.
Immediate Steps to Calm Inflamed Skin
The first 24 to 48 hours following sun exposure are the most important for reducing the inflammation that contributes to severe peeling later on. Immediately cooling the skin helps to draw heat away and constrict blood vessels, decreasing the painful redness and swelling. Taking a cool bath or shower is effective, or you can apply a clean, cold compress to smaller areas for about 10 to 15 minutes several times a day. It is important to avoid applying ice directly to the skin, as this can cause further damage to the already sensitive, burned tissue.
A sunburn increases the risk of dehydration by drawing fluid to the skin’s surface. Drinking extra water is highly recommended to rehydrate the body and support healing. NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) like ibuprofen can also be taken to reduce internal inflammation and discomfort.
For topical relief, applying a soothing, non-occlusive ingredient can help calm the burn. Pure aloe vera gel is widely used because it cools the skin and contains compounds that may encourage healing. Applying a thin layer of 1% hydrocortisone cream a few times daily for the first few days can also help reduce the inflammatory response in the skin. Avoid products containing alcohol or benzocaine, as these can dry out or further irritate the sensitive skin.
Strategies for Sustained Moisture and Repair
Once the initial heat and pain have subsided, the focus shifts to maintaining a moist environment to promote skin barrier repair and minimize flaking. To lock water into the skin, apply a moisturizer while the skin is still damp right after a cool shower or bath. Gently pat the skin dry with a soft towel, leaving some moisture on the surface for the product to seal in.
The most effective moisturizers contain a mix of humectants and emollients. Humectants (e.g., glycerin and hyaluronic acid) draw water into the upper layers of the skin. Emollients (e.g., ceramides or shea butter) create a protective film on the skin’s surface, helping to prevent moisture loss. Frequent reapplication, often multiple times per day, is necessary over the following days and weeks to support continuous repair.
Select products that are fragrance-free and dye-free to prevent irritation or allergic reactions. While the burn is still hot, avoid thick, occlusive ointments like petroleum jelly, which can trap heat and worsen the burn. Only after the initial heat is gone can these heavier products be used, often for localized areas or blisters.
Guidelines for Managing Active Peeling
When peeling begins, it signals the final stage of repair, meaning the damaged skin is ready to be shed. The most important rule is to resist the urge to pick, pull, or forcibly rub the loose skin. Tugging at skin that is not fully detached can tear healthy tissue underneath, increasing the risk of infection, prolonging healing, and potentially leading to scarring.
Active exfoliation, whether physical with scrubs or chemical with acids, must be avoided entirely while the skin is peeling. The new skin emerging underneath is fragile and highly vulnerable to damage. If large, bothersome flakes of skin are hanging on, they can be carefully removed by trimming only the fully detached pieces with a small, clean pair of scissors.
Protecting the peeling area from further sun exposure is necessary, as the newly exposed skin is extremely sensitive to UV radiation. Wear loose-fitting, protective clothing over the affected areas and seek shade until the peeling has stopped. Continued moisturizing will also help make the peeling less noticeable and support healing.