Many individuals experience hair loss after recovering from a COVID-19 infection. This article provides practical strategies and insights to address hair shedding that can occur following a COVID-19 illness.
Understanding Post-COVID Hair Loss
The most frequent type of hair loss observed after a COVID-19 infection is known as telogen effluvium. This condition involves a temporary increase in hair shedding, typically triggered by significant bodily stress, such as a severe illness or fever. Normally, about 90% of our scalp hairs are in a growth phase (anagen), while roughly 10% are in a resting phase (telogen) before shedding. A stressful event can prematurely shift a larger proportion of growing hairs into this resting phase, leading to increased shedding.
Hair shedding from telogen effluvium usually becomes noticeable two to three months after the initial illness or stressful event. This delay occurs because hair follicles that prematurely entered the resting phase take time to shed. While the hair loss can be significant, it does not typically cause permanent baldness as the hair follicles remain intact. Most cases of telogen effluvium resolve within three to six months, with hair gradually returning to its normal growth cycle.
Daily Hair Care Practices
Adopting gentle hair care routines can help minimize further hair breakage and support healthy regrowth during this period. Using mild, sulfate-free shampoos and conditioners can prevent stripping the hair of its natural oils, reducing stress on delicate strands. When washing, gently massage the scalp rather than scrubbing vigorously, and rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water.
Limit the use of heat styling tools, such as blow dryers, curling irons, and straighteners, as high temperatures can weaken hair shafts and increase breakage. If heat styling is necessary, apply a heat protectant spray and use the lowest effective temperature setting. Avoid tight hairstyles that pull on the hair follicles, such as braids, ponytails, or buns, which can contribute to traction alopecia. Instead, opt for loose styles that reduce tension on the scalp.
Brush your hair gently, starting from the ends and working your way up to minimize tangles and prevent breakage. Use a wide-tooth comb or a soft-bristle brush on damp hair. Protecting your hair from environmental damage, such as harsh sunlight or strong winds, can also be beneficial. Wearing a hat or scarf when outdoors can offer a physical barrier against these elements.
Nutritional and Lifestyle Support
Supporting overall health through nutrition and lifestyle choices can significantly benefit hair regrowth and strength. A balanced diet rich in specific vitamins and minerals provides the building blocks for healthy hair. Protein, for instance, is a primary component of hair, so ensuring adequate intake from sources like lean meats, fish, eggs, and legumes is beneficial.
Iron deficiency can contribute to hair loss, making it important to consume iron-rich foods such as spinach, lentils, and fortified cereals. Zinc, found in nuts, seeds, and whole grains, plays a role in hair tissue growth and repair. Biotin, a B vitamin present in foods like eggs, avocados, and sweet potatoes, supports hair health. Vitamin D, obtained from sun exposure, fatty fish, and fortified foods, supports hair follicle cycling.
Managing stress is important, as elevated stress levels can exacerbate hair shedding. Incorporating stress-reducing activities like meditation, yoga, or spending time in nature can be helpful. Ensuring adequate sleep (seven to nine hours per night) and staying well-hydrated also contribute to overall health and hair vitality.
When to Seek Professional Help
While post-COVID telogen effluvium is often temporary and resolves on its own, seeking professional medical advice is advisable in some situations. If hair loss is persistent, severe, shows no improvement after several months (typically six to nine months), or if new symptoms emerge, consult a dermatologist or healthcare provider.
Signs that might warrant professional evaluation include the appearance of patchy hair loss, which could indicate a different condition like alopecia areata, or the presence of other symptoms such as scalp pain, itching, or inflammation. A healthcare professional can accurately diagnose the type of hair loss and rule out other underlying medical conditions that might be contributing to the issue, such as thyroid dysfunction or nutritional deficiencies. They may perform blood tests to check for vitamin and mineral levels or examine the scalp more closely.
A doctor might suggest specific treatments, which could include topical solutions or oral medications, depending on the diagnosis. They can also provide guidance on managing expectations, as hair regrowth takes time, often several months to a year or more, to return to its previous density. Patience and consistent adherence to medical advice are important throughout the recovery process.