Watery eyes are a frequent symptom that can accompany a common cold. While uncomfortable and temporarily affecting vision clarity, it is typically a normal physiological response to the viral infection. This symptom usually resolves as the cold runs its course, indicating the body’s natural defense mechanisms are at work.
Why Cold-Related Watery Eyes Occur
The common cold, often caused by rhinoviruses, triggers inflammation in the mucous membranes lining the respiratory tract, including those in the nasal passages. These nasal passages are connected to the eyes through the nasolacrimal ducts, or tear ducts. When nasal tissues swell due to the infection, these tear ducts can become compressed or blocked, impeding the normal drainage of tears into the nasal cavity.
The body’s immune response to the cold virus also contributes to watery eyes. The irritation prompts the eyes to produce more tears as a protective mechanism, intended to flush out irritants and pathogens. This increased tear production, combined with impaired drainage, results in tears accumulating and overflowing from the eyes.
Home Remedies and Self-Care
Several self-care measures can help alleviate the discomfort associated with watery eyes during a cold. Applying a warm compress to the eyes can provide relief and may help reduce localized inflammation, potentially aiding tear drainage. To do this, soak a clean cloth in warm water, wring it out, and place it gently over closed eyelids for 10 to 15 minutes. Gentle wiping of the eyes with a soft tissue can also help manage overflowing tears.
Staying adequately hydrated is beneficial for overall health during a cold and can help thin mucus, which might facilitate better drainage. Resting sufficiently allows the body’s immune system to focus energy on fighting the viral infection, potentially shortening the duration of symptoms. Minimizing exposure to environmental irritants like smoke, strong perfumes, or excessive dust can prevent further eye irritation and reduce increased tearing. If dry indoor air contributes to eye irritation, using a humidifier can add moisture to the environment, which may provide relief.
Over-the-Counter Options
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can offer relief for cold-related watery eyes by addressing underlying congestion. Oral decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine, work by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages, which reduces swelling and can help open blocked tear ducts, allowing tears to drain more effectively. Nasal decongestant sprays, like oxymetazoline, offer a similar local effect but should be used cautiously for no more than three days to avoid a rebound effect.
Antihistamines, commonly found in cold and allergy medications, can also reduce watery eyes, especially first-generation antihistamines known for their drying effects. These medications block histamine, a chemical that can contribute to watery eyes and other cold-like symptoms. Older antihistamines can cause drowsiness and other side effects such as dry mouth or blurred vision. Newer, non-drowsy antihistamines are available, though their effectiveness for cold-induced watery eyes may be less direct than for allergies.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While watery eyes during a cold are typically temporary and resolve on their own, certain signs warrant medical attention. If symptoms persist for more than a week, worsen, or do not improve with self-care, consult a healthcare professional. Seek medical advice if you experience severe eye pain, significant changes in vision, or extreme redness.
Other concerning symptoms include pus-like or thick discharge from the eye, increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), or difficulty opening the eyes due to swelling. These could indicate a secondary bacterial infection, viral conjunctivitis, or another eye condition requiring specific diagnosis and treatment. A healthcare provider can determine the cause of persistent or severe eye symptoms and recommend appropriate interventions.