The removal of wisdom teeth is a common surgical procedure, and patients should expect minor bleeding and oozing in the hours immediately following the operation. This seepage, which often makes the saliva appear pink or reddish, is a normal part of the initial healing process. The body works to form a stable blood clot within the empty socket, which acts as a protective seal for the underlying bone and tissue. This article provides steps for managing this expected bleeding effectively at home.
Step-by-Step Guide to Applying Pressure
Controlling post-extraction bleeding relies primarily on applying firm, continuous pressure directly to the surgical site. Before placing new material, gently rinse the mouth with cool water to clear any loose, old clots and identify the source of active bleeding. Take a piece of sterile gauze, fold it into a thick square, and position it specifically over the extraction socket. The gauze must sit directly on the wound, not just resting between the teeth.
Once the gauze is correctly positioned, bite down with firm, steady pressure for 45 to 60 minutes. This physical compression constricts the small blood vessels and helps clotting factors consolidate the wound. Maintain this pressure without checking the gauze or talking during the entire time period. Removing the gauze too soon or repeatedly checking the site disrupts fragile clot formation and prolongs bleeding.
If active bleeding continues after the first one or two applications of fresh gauze, a moistened black tea bag can serve as an effective alternative. Black tea contains tannic acid, a natural astringent. The tannic acid causes small capillaries to constrict, chemically accelerating the formation of a stable blood clot.
To prepare the tea bag, moisten it with cool water and squeeze out any excess liquid so it is damp but not dripping wet. Place the damp tea bag directly over the extraction site and bite down firmly for 30 to 45 minutes. The combination of the tea’s chemical properties and the sustained physical pressure helps stop the flow. This step can be repeated once more, but if bleeding persists, seek professional advice.
Actions and Habits That Worsen Bleeding
Certain common post-operative habits can easily dislodge the protective blood clot and worsen bleeding. Any action that creates negative pressure inside the mouth must be strictly avoided, as this suction can physically pull the clot out of the socket. This includes using a drinking straw, forcefully spitting, and vigorous mouth rinsing, all of which should be avoided for the first several days after surgery. Instead of spitting, let any excess saliva or blood gently drain into the sink.
Smoking is detrimental to the healing process and increases the risk of prolonged bleeding and complications. The act of puffing creates negative pressure, similar to using a straw. Furthermore, chemicals in tobacco smoke constrict blood vessels, impairing the body’s natural healing response. Also, avoid touching the surgical site with your tongue, fingers, or any other object, as physical disturbance causes clot disruption.
Maintaining a calm, reclined posture is important, particularly on the day of the procedure. Avoid strenuous physical activity, such as heavy lifting or intense exercise, for at least 48 to 72 hours. Physical exertion temporarily raises blood pressure, increasing blood flow to the surgical area and potentially restarting active bleeding. Additionally, consuming hot liquids, like coffee or soup, can dilate blood vessels and prolong the initial bleeding phase.
When Bleeding Signals a Serious Problem
While some bleeding is expected, it is important to distinguish between normal oozing and a hemorrhage. Normal bleeding is characterized by pink- or red-tinged saliva, which is mostly saliva mixed with a small amount of blood, and this seepage may continue intermittently for up to 24 hours. Excessive bleeding is an active, rapid flow of bright red blood that fills the mouth or soaks through multiple gauze pads within 30 minutes.
If you have applied pressure with fresh gauze or a tea bag two or three times and the active flow of blood remains uncontrolled, seek professional intervention. While minor bleeding is normal for the first day, any persistent, heavy bleeding that continues beyond 24 hours requires a call to your oral surgeon.
Contact your care provider immediately if excessive bleeding is accompanied by other concerning symptoms. These include the development of a fever above 100.4°F, which can be an early sign of infection. Severe pain that is not relieved by prescribed medication, or swelling that increases dramatically after the first three days, also warrants an immediate professional assessment. These signs suggest a potential complication that cannot be managed with simple home care techniques.