An intravenous (IV) drip delivers fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into a person’s vein for rapid absorption into the bloodstream. This method is used for rehydration, fluid replacement, or to administer drugs that bypass the digestive system. The IV system consists of a flexible tube called a catheter, which is inserted into a peripheral vein, typically in the arm or hand, and connected to the fluid bag via tubing. Discontinuing the infusion or removing the catheter is a precise medical procedure that must be performed exclusively by trained healthcare professionals. Attempting to adjust or pull out an IV line without proper training can lead to complications, including infection, bleeding, or a serious condition where a catheter fragment is left inside the vein.
Immediate Actions When Trouble Occurs
If a problem occurs while an IV infusion is running, the flow of fluid must be stopped immediately to prevent further complication. If the infusion is controlled by an electronic pump, pressing the “stop” button will halt the delivery. For a gravity-fed IV system, the roller clamp on the tubing should be manually secured to pinch the line and stop the drip.
Once the flow is secured, the healthcare provider should be notified immediately, especially if signs of a complication are present at the insertion site. Common issues include infiltration, where IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue, causing swelling, coolness, and discomfort. Another complication is phlebitis, the inflammation of the vein wall, signaled by redness, warmth, pain, or a hard sensation along the vein. Reporting these symptoms allows the clinician to assess the site, stop the infusion permanently, and restart the IV elsewhere if necessary.
The Clinical Procedure for Termination
When IV therapy is complete or removal is necessary due to a complication, a trained clinician follows a specific protocol. The first step involves verifying the medical order to discontinue the line and gathering necessary supplies, including clean gloves, gauze, and a sterile dressing. Before touching the site, the professional performs hand hygiene and dons gloves to maintain an aseptic technique.
The clinician loosens the tape and the transparent dressing securing the catheter, working carefully to stabilize it and avoid disturbing the site. After the adhesive is removed, the clinician places a sterile gauze pad directly over the insertion site. The catheter is then withdrawn from the vein smoothly and steadily, keeping it parallel to the skin to minimize trauma.
Immediately after removal, firm, direct pressure is applied to the site with the gauze for a minimum of two to three minutes. This pressure achieves hemostasis, preventing blood from leaking and forming a hematoma or bruise. For patients taking anticoagulant medications, pressure may need to be held for five to ten minutes due to the risk of prolonged bleeding. Finally, the healthcare worker must inspect the removed catheter tip to ensure it is fully intact; a missing fragment requires immediate medical attention.
Post-Removal Care and Monitoring
Once bleeding has completely stopped, the gauze is removed, and a small bandage is applied over the puncture site for protection. Patients are instructed to keep the site clean and dry for a short period to aid in healing. Monitoring the site for delayed complications remains important in the following days.
Patients should watch for signs of infection, which may not appear until 48 to 72 hours after removal. These signs include increasing redness, swelling, warmth, or the presence of pus or drainage. A new or worsening bruise, a large lump, or red streaks extending away from the site could indicate a delayed hematoma or phlebitis requiring reassessment. If any of these signs appear, or if a fever develops, contacting a healthcare provider immediately is necessary.