A runny nose, or rhinorrhea, can be an unwelcome side effect for individuals undergoing chemotherapy. While often considered a minor symptom, the continuous nasal discharge can be quite bothersome, impacting daily comfort and overall well-being. Fortunately, there are practical approaches that can provide relief from this specific type of nasal irritation during treatment.
Understanding Chemotherapy-Induced Rhinitis
Chemotherapy treatments can lead to a runny nose because certain medications irritate the delicate lining of the nasal passages. This irritation prompts the nasal mucous membranes to produce more mucus, a natural defense mechanism. The body’s response is an attempt to clear away what it perceives as an irritant, resulting in the increased nasal discharge. This reaction is a direct physical effect of the chemotherapy drugs on the nasal tissues, rather than an allergic reaction to a substance or a typical infection.
The nasal lining can become inflamed. This inflammation can lead to an overproduction of thin, clear, watery mucus. The specific chemotherapy drug, its dosage, and the individual’s unique response to treatment can influence the degree of nasal irritation experienced. This type of rhinitis is distinct from a common cold or seasonal allergies, though the symptoms of increased nasal discharge may feel similar.
Strategies for Relief
Managing a runny nose from chemotherapy often involves a combination of home-based approaches and careful consideration of over-the-counter options. Saline nasal sprays or rinses moisturize nasal passages and help clear excess mucus. They work by thinning mucus, making it easier to expel, and washing away irritants. Using a humidifier, especially in dry environments, adds moisture to the air. This soothes dry nasal membranes, liquefies secretions, and promotes easier drainage.
Gentle nose blowing can help clear nasal passages without causing further irritation to the delicate skin around the nostrils. It is beneficial to avoid environmental irritants that can worsen nasal symptoms, such as cigarette smoke, dust, strong perfumes, or harsh chemical fumes. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, such as water or herbal teas, can also support mucus thinning and promote drainage. Protecting the skin around the nose with a gentle, non-irritating balm can help prevent dryness, chapping, and soreness from frequent wiping.
Over-the-counter medications like antihistamines or decongestants may offer some relief for a runny nose or congestion. Non-drowsy antihistamines can help reduce mucus production, while decongestants aim to shrink swollen nasal tissues. Always discuss any over-the-counter medication with your oncology team before starting them. Some medications can interact with chemotherapy drugs or existing conditions, or may not be suitable for certain health issues. For instance, decongestant nasal sprays containing oxymetazoline should not be used for more than three days in a row to prevent a “rebound effect” where congestion worsens.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While a runny nose during chemotherapy is often a manageable side effect, there are specific situations when it is important to contact a healthcare professional. If the nasal discharge becomes severe, changes in color (such as yellow, green, or bloody), or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, medical advice should be sought. These accompanying symptoms might include a fever (a temperature of 38°C or 100.4°F or higher), chills, persistent headache, a sore throat, or difficulty breathing.
It is also important to consult the healthcare team if home remedies and general strategies do not provide adequate relief or if the symptom significantly impacts quality of life. Any signs of dehydration, such as a very dry mouth or decreased urination, also warrant immediate medical attention. A healthcare provider can assess the situation, rule out infection, and discuss prescription options if the runny nose is persistent and bothersome.