A mole (nevus) is a common, non-cancerous skin growth that forms when pigment-producing cells, called melanocytes, cluster together. Most adults have between 10 and 40 of these small, typically brown or tan spots, and they are usually harmless. Finding blood on or near a mole can be startling, immediately raising concerns about skin health. Understanding why a mole might bleed and knowing the correct immediate response is important for managing the injury and recognizing when medical attention is needed.
Immediate First Aid Steps
The immediate goal when a mole is bleeding is to gently control the flow and prevent infection. Treat it like any other minor skin wound by first washing your hands thoroughly to minimize the risk of introducing bacteria. Next, apply light, consistent pressure directly to the mole using a clean cloth or sterile gauze.
Maintain this pressure for several minutes until the bleeding has completely stopped. Once the flow ceases, carefully cleanse the area using mild soap and lukewarm water, rinsing away any blood or debris. Avoid vigorous scrubbing, which could dislodge the forming clot or irritate the tissue.
After patting the area dry, apply an antibiotic ointment to aid healing and lower the chance of infection. Cover the mole with a non-stick bandage to protect it from further trauma. Monitor the area over the next few days for any signs of recurring bleeding.
Common Causes of Bleeding
In the vast majority of cases, a bleeding mole results from accidental physical trauma. Moles that are raised or located in high-friction areas are particularly susceptible to mechanical injury. Common external causes include snagging the mole on clothing, jewelry, or a seatbelt, or nicking it while shaving.
A raised mole is structurally more exposed than flat skin, making it easily scratched or rubbed by external forces. This causes delicate blood vessels near the surface to rupture. Friction from tight garments or aggressive scrubbing can also irritate the mole, causing superficial breakage. These instances are usually minor, stop quickly, and are not indicative of a serious underlying condition.
Bleeding can also occur due to internal changes in the mole’s structure, even without obvious external trauma. As a mole grows, the overlying skin may become thin, or the small vessels within the lesion may become fragile. This increased vascular fragility can lead to mild bleeding or oozing with minimal provocation. The spontaneous or repeated nature of the bleeding warrants closer attention.
When Professional Medical Evaluation is Necessary
While most bleeding moles stem from benign trauma, certain characteristics require immediate professional assessment by a dermatologist. The most concerning reason for a mole to bleed is the development of melanoma, which can cause the lesion to become fragile or ulcerated. Any mole that bleeds spontaneously, without being bumped, or bleeds repeatedly should be examined.
Dermatologists use the “ABCDE” rule to identify suspicious growths. The “E” stands for Evolving, which includes changes in size, shape, color, or elevation, as well as new symptoms such as bleeding, itching, or crusting. Bleeding is a significant flag that a cancerous change may be occurring.
A mole displaying any of the other warning signs in conjunction with bleeding must be evaluated quickly. These signs include Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, and Diameter greater than 6 millimeters. A mole that consistently oozes or forms a scab that fails to heal also requires a prompt visit. Signs of infection, such as increasing redness, warmth, or pus, should also prompt medical attention.