A chipped tooth is a fracture of the enamel, the tooth’s hard outer shell. This damage often exposes the underlying dentin, a softer tissue leading to the nerve center (pulp). Pain results when air, pressure, or temperature changes stimulate the sensitive nerve endings. While temporary relief measures can help, professional dental care must be sought urgently to prevent infection or further structural damage.
Immediate Home Remedies for Pain Relief
Over-the-counter pain relievers can provide necessary relief. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as Ibuprofen, reduce both pain and inflammation. Acetaminophen primarily works to block pain signals reaching the brain. Always adhere strictly to the recommended dosage instructions on the packaging.
Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the exterior of the cheek near the affected tooth helps numb the area and reduce localized swelling. Hold the compress against the face for cycles of 15 to 20 minutes. Rinsing the mouth with a solution of warm water and half a teaspoon of salt can also be beneficial, as this mixture acts as a mild antiseptic to cleanse the area.
Avoid consuming food or drinks that are extremely hot or cold, as temperature sensitivity is common when dentin is exposed. Sudden thermal changes can trigger sharp pain. Stick to lukewarm or room-temperature items to avoid this discomfort.
Protecting the Tooth and Mouth
A chipped edge is often sharp and can easily cut the tongue, cheek, or gums, leading to painful sores. To prevent this irritation, gently mold and press a small piece of temporary dental wax, sugar-free chewing gum, or paraffin wax over the sharp portion. This temporary covering creates a smooth barrier that shields soft tissues from injury.
Modify your eating habits to prevent worsening the fracture or dislodging the temporary covering. Consume only soft foods that require minimal chewing, such as yogurt, mashed potatoes, or soup. Chew all food on the side of the mouth opposite the chipped tooth to reduce pressure on the injured area.
Maintaining oral hygiene requires gentle care to avoid irritation. Brush the chipped tooth and surrounding gums lightly, and continue to floss gently to keep the area clean of debris and bacteria. Avoid repeatedly probing the damaged tooth with your tongue or fingers, as this can irritate the nerve and cause discomfort.
Professional Treatment Options for Repair
A dental professional will assess the fracture’s severity to determine the appropriate long-term treatment. For minor chips affecting only the enamel or a small portion of the dentin, the dentist typically recommends dental bonding. This involves applying a tooth-colored composite resin directly to the tooth, sculpting it to match natural contours, and hardening it with a special light.
If the chip is on a highly visible front tooth and aesthetics are a concern, a porcelain or composite veneer may be the preferred solution. A veneer is a thin, custom-made shell permanently bonded to the front surface of the tooth, covering the chip and creating a uniform appearance.
For a larger fracture that compromises structural integrity, a dental crown (cap) is often required. A crown covers the entire visible portion of the damaged tooth, providing support and protecting it from further breakage.
If the chip is severe enough to expose the pulp chamber, a root canal procedure is necessary before a final crown can be placed. This procedure removes damaged or infected pulp tissue to alleviate pain and prevent infection, preserving the natural tooth.