A broken tooth, whether a small chip, a hairline crack, or a severe fracture, is a serious injury that requires professional dental attention. While the initial pain can be significant, actions taken at home are temporary measures intended solely for pain control and to prevent further damage until a dentist can provide definitive treatment. Understanding the immediate steps to take can influence the success of the eventual repair and protect your oral health.
Immediate Steps for Stabilization and Protection
The first priority after breaking a tooth is to stabilize the area and protect the soft tissues of your mouth from sharp edges. Immediately rinse your mouth gently with warm water to clear away any blood, debris, or small fragments of the tooth. This action helps to clean the wound and reduces the risk of initial infection.
If you can locate the piece of tooth that broke off, handle it carefully by the enamel and avoid touching the root surface. Keeping the fragment moist is important; store it in a small container submerged in milk, saline solution, or even saliva. Do not use plain tap water for storage. The dentist may be able to bond the original piece back onto your tooth.
Sharp or jagged edges of the broken tooth can easily cut your tongue, cheek, or gums. To prevent this, gently cover the sharp area with a piece of dental wax. If dental wax is unavailable, a piece of sugar-free chewing gum can be molded over the edge as a short-term protective shield.
Temporary Pain Management Solutions
Managing the discomfort is a primary concern, and over-the-counter pain relievers can provide temporary relief. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or naproxen are effective because they reduce swelling and inflammation around the injured site. For a healthy adult, a regimen often involves taking 400 milligrams of ibuprofen and 1000 milligrams of acetaminophen simultaneously.
Adhere strictly to the dosage instructions on the packaging and be mindful of the maximum daily limits for all medications. Applying a cold compress to the outside of your cheek near the affected tooth can also help manage pain and swelling. The cold constricts blood vessels, which helps to numb the area. Apply the compress for intervals of 10 to 20 minutes at a time, always wrapped in a thin cloth to protect the skin.
A warm saltwater rinse acts as a mild antiseptic and can help soothe irritated gums and surrounding tissues. Dissolve about half a teaspoon of salt in eight ounces of warm water and gently swish the solution around the injury before spitting it out. For localized numbing, topical dental anesthetics containing benzocaine can be applied directly to the site. Use this sparingly and exactly as directed, and never use such products on children under two years old due to the risk of methemoglobinemia.
When Emergency Dental Care is Required
The need for immediate professional care depends on the severity of the damage, which generally falls into two categories: a minor chip and a severe fracture. A minor chip involves only the outer layer of enamel and causes little to no pain, and can often wait for a scheduled appointment. A fracture that extends deeper into the tooth structure, however, requires immediate attention.
Signs that necessitate an emergency visit include severe pain that does not respond to over-the-counter medication, which may indicate the nerve (pulp) is exposed or damaged. Uncontrolled bleeding from the mouth or the presence of a visible infection, indicated by fever or facial swelling, require urgent intervention. Any feeling of looseness in the broken tooth or an inability to close your mouth properly signals a complex trauma.
When contacting your dentist or an emergency dental service, describe the nature of the injury and the severity of your symptoms. Be prepared to state the approximate time of the injury, your current pain level on a scale of one to ten, and whether you have any signs of infection, such as swelling or a bad taste in your mouth. Providing this detailed information allows the dental team to triage your situation accurately and prepare for treatment upon your arrival.