The “stomach flu,” medically known as viral gastroenteritis, is an intestinal infection characterized by symptoms such as watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. This condition causes the body to lose significant amounts of fluid and electrolytes. Maintaining proper hydration is essential during a bout of stomach flu to prevent complications from fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
Recognizing Dehydration
Recognizing signs of dehydration is important during stomach flu. In adults, common indicators include excessive thirst, a dry mouth, and decreased urination, which may result in dark-colored urine. Other signs include feeling tired, dizziness or lightheadedness, and sunken eyes or cheeks.
Children can exhibit similar signs, such as decreased urination (fewer wet diapers in infants), a dry mouth or cracked lips, and a lack of tears when crying. They might also appear unusually sleepy, irritable, or lethargic. For infants, a sunken soft spot on the top of their head can indicate dehydration.
Effective Hydration Strategies
Staying hydrated during stomach flu requires a focused approach to replacing lost fluids and electrolytes. Oral rehydration solutions (ORS), such as Pedialyte, are recommended because they contain a balanced mix of water, sugars, and electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride, essential for fluid absorption and bodily function. These solutions are beneficial for infants, children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
When consuming fluids, take small, frequent sips rather than large gulps. This helps prevent further stomach upset and reduces vomiting. For adults, clear broths, diluted fruit juices, and plain water are suitable options. Broth-based soups hydrate and provide sodium, an electrolyte often depleted during illness. Diluting fruit juices with water can make them easier to tolerate. Some sports drinks can aid rehydration, but their high sugar levels make ORS generally preferred, especially for young children.
Beverages and Foods to Avoid
Certain beverages and foods can worsen stomach flu symptoms. Sugary drinks, including sodas and undiluted fruit juices, should be avoided; their high sugar content can worsen diarrhea. Caffeine, found in coffee and some teas, can irritate the stomach and contribute to dehydration. Alcohol also has a diuretic effect, increasing fluid loss and worsening dehydration.
Dairy products, such as milk, can be difficult to digest when the gut is inflamed, potentially worsening symptoms. Fatty or fried foods are problematic; they are harder to digest and can increase nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Spicy foods may irritate the stomach lining, making symptoms more uncomfortable.
When Professional Help is Needed
While most cases of stomach flu resolve on their own, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention, especially for infants, young children, and older adults. If an adult is unable to keep liquids down for 24 hours, experiences vomiting or diarrhea lasting more than two days, or has blood in their vomit or stool, seek medical consultation. Severe stomach pain or a fever above 104°F (40°C) also indicate a need for evaluation.
For children, signs requiring prompt medical attention include a fever of 102°F (38.9°C) or higher, bloody diarrhea, or persistent vomiting. If an infant has not wet a diaper in six hours, exhibits a sunken soft spot, or appears unusually sleepy and unresponsive, contact a doctor immediately. These symptoms can signal severe dehydration or other complications that may require hospital treatment, such as intravenous fluid replacement.