The Sempervivum genus, commonly known as hens and chicks, are hardy succulents cherished for their rosette-forming habit. The term “hen” refers to the mature, mother rosette, and “chicks” are the small offsets or clones she produces on short, lateral stems called stolons. Splitting these plants is a straightforward process for propagation, allowing gardeners to multiply their collection while also preventing overcrowding, which can compromise the health and vigor of the original plant. This method ensures the new plants are genetically identical to the parent, preserving the specific characteristics of the cultivar.
Optimal Timing for Separation
The most successful time to separate hens and chicks is during their active growth period, typically from late spring through early summer. Propagating during this season, when temperatures are warm and the plants are growing vigorously, allows the newly separated offsets to establish roots quickly. While offsets can technically be removed at any time, separation outside of the growing season may result in slower establishment and a higher risk of rot.
Before beginning the separation process, allow the soil around the mother plant to dry out completely. Dry soil minimizes the risk of infection entering the small wounds created during separation. The tool needed is a clean, sharp knife or a small, sterilized pair of garden snips to make a clean cut.
Step-by-Step Guide to Removing Offsets
The physical method for removing the offsets depends largely on how the “chick” is attached to the “hen.” For the most common Sempervivum types, the offsets grow on thin, horizontal runners or stolons extending from the base of the mother plant. Use your sharp, clean tool to sever this runner close to the chick’s rosette, ensuring the cut is made cleanly.
Some varieties produce offsets that grow tightly against the mother plant, making it difficult to use a cutting tool. In this situation, the chick can often be gently twisted and pulled away from the hen. The goal is to detach the offset with as little damage as possible to both the mother plant and the small rosette.
It is common to find offsets that have already developed small, white roots and are resting lightly on the soil near the mother plant. These rooted chicks are the easiest to separate and are often the most successful new plants. Simply lift these small rosettes from the soil, taking care to preserve any existing roots. Regardless of the method, selecting chicks that are at least one-third the size of the mother rosette yields the best results for survival.
Replanting and Initial Care
After the chick has been separated, the next step is to allow the small wound where it was detached to heal, a process known as callusing. This protective layer forms over the cut surface, acting as a natural barrier to pathogens and preventing the offset from absorbing too much moisture, which causes rot in succulents. The detached offsets should be placed in a dry, shaded, and well-ventilated location for one to three days, or until the cut end feels dry and slightly hardened.
Once callusing is complete, the new plants are ready for planting in a specialized, well-draining medium. A succulent or cactus mix, often a blend of potting soil with materials like perlite, coarse sand, or pumice, provides the necessary drainage. The rosette should be positioned on the soil surface, just covering the base or any existing roots, and gently pressed into place.
The newly planted offsets should be placed in a location that receives bright, indirect sunlight, as harsh, direct afternoon sun can scorch unestablished plants. Delay the first watering for approximately one to two weeks, giving the plant time to focus its energy on growing new roots. Once roots have begun to form, you can begin a regular watering schedule, which involves thoroughly soaking the soil and then allowing it to dry out completely before watering again.