A nebulizer is a medical device that transforms liquid medication into a fine mist, which is easily inhaled directly into the lungs. This method is effective for managing chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. By delivering medicine directly to the airways, a nebulizer allows for rapid relief and targeted treatment of inflammation. Nebulizers are often recommended for individuals, such as young children or those with severe lung disease, who have difficulty coordinating their breath with an inhaler.
Preparing the Nebulizer for Use
Before treatment, wash your hands thoroughly to prevent contaminating the device or medication. Place the compressor unit on a stable, flat surface near a power source and ensure the power cord is securely plugged in.
Connect the air tubing: one end attaches to the compressor’s air outlet port, and the other connects to the base of the medicine cup. Carefully pour the prescribed dose of liquid medication into the cup. Do not overfill, as this affects the particle size and delivery efficiency.
Close the lid tightly and attach either a mouthpiece or a face mask to the top of the cup. While a mouthpiece is preferred for optimal drug delivery, a mask ensures proper fit for children or those unable to hold the mouthpiece.
Proper Technique for Treatment
Once assembled, turn the compressor on; a visible mist should begin flowing from the mouthpiece or mask. Sitting upright maximizes lung capacity and ensures the medication reaches deeper into the lungs. Hold the medicine cup in an upright position throughout the treatment to promote continuous nebulization and prevent spills.
If using a mouthpiece, seal your lips tightly around it to direct all mist into your lungs. The most effective breathing technique involves taking slow, deep, and steady breaths through the mouth. Hold your breath for two to three seconds after a deep inhalation, which allows the medication mist time to settle within the airways.
A typical treatment session lasts between 5 and 15 minutes, depending on the medication volume and machine efficiency. Treatment is complete when the cup begins to sputter and the mist stops. If using an inhaled corticosteroid, rinse the mouth with water afterward to prevent oral infections.
Essential Cleaning and Maintenance
Proper care of the nebulizer components prevents bacterial growth and ensures effective function. After every treatment, disassemble the medicine cup, mouthpiece, or mask and rinse thoroughly with warm running water to remove residual medication. Shake the parts to remove excess water and allow them to air dry completely on a clean, lint-free surface.
The tubing and the compressor unit must never be submerged in water or washed. Once the rinsed parts are dry, reassemble them and run the compressor for about 20 seconds to ensure all internal parts are fully dry before storage.
Once a day, after the final treatment, wash the medicine cup and interface with warm, soapy water using a mild dish detergent before rinsing and air drying. Periodic disinfection is also required once or twice a week to eliminate germs.
Soak the disinfected parts—excluding the tubing and compressor—in a solution of one part distilled white vinegar to three parts warm water for 30 minutes. After soaking, rinse all components with sterile water and allow them to air dry completely.
Wipe the compressor itself down with a damp cloth as needed. Check the air filter monthly and replace it when it appears discolored, typically every six months.