A portable oxygen tank, often called a compressed gas cylinder system, delivers supplemental oxygen to individuals who require respiratory support away from a stationary source. These systems contain medical-grade oxygen stored under high pressure within a metal cylinder. This guide provides sequential instructions for the safe setup of this equipment, which should only be performed after receiving specific training from a healthcare provider or oxygen supplier. Understanding the proper connection and operation of the tank is fundamental to ensuring the effective delivery of your prescribed oxygen therapy.
Essential Safety Precautions
Oxygen is a powerful accelerant that can cause materials to ignite and burn much hotter and faster than normal. Never allow smoking, open flames, or sparks within 10 feet of the oxygen tank or tubing to prevent a fire hazard. Keep all petroleum-based products, such as oil, grease, or Vaseline, away from the equipment, as these substances can react violently with concentrated oxygen.
The tank contains gas under high pressure, and improper handling can turn the cylinder into a dangerous projectile. Always handle the tank with care, using a cart or carrying bag, and never drop, drag, or roll the cylinder. Store the tank in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from heat sources like radiators or stoves.
Identifying the Oxygen Tank Components
The portable oxygen system consists of distinct parts that work together to deliver the prescribed flow of oxygen. The main component is the oxygen cylinder, the metal tank holding the compressed gas. At the top of the cylinder is the valve post, which controls the release of oxygen.
The regulator connects to the valve post and performs two primary functions. It reduces the high pressure from inside the tank to a safe, usable pressure. The regulator also contains the flow meter, which allows the user to set the oxygen delivery rate in Liters Per Minute (LPM). Finally, the nasal cannula or face mask connects to the regulator’s outlet to deliver the oxygen to the user.
Step-by-Step Regulator Connection
Before attaching the regulator, ensure the cylinder’s main valve is securely closed by turning it clockwise. Perform “cracking the tank” by briefly opening the main valve counter-clockwise, then quickly closing it. This clears dust or debris from the valve outlet, ensuring a clean connection point.
Align the regulator with the tank’s valve post, ensuring the two small alignment pins on the regulator yoke fit into the corresponding holes. A new sealing washer (Bodok seal) must be placed between the regulator and the tank to prevent leaks. Slide the regulator over the post so the pins and washer are correctly positioned and the regulator is straight.
Secure the regulator connection by tightening the T-handle or yoke screw clockwise until it is snug. The connection must be firm enough to create a seal, but avoid overtightening, which could cause damage. Open the cylinder valve slowly by turning it counter-clockwise one full turn.
Check for leaks by listening for a hissing sound near the connection, or by using a soap and water solution around the seal to check for bubbles. If a leak is detected, immediately close the tank valve and retighten the regulator before checking again. Once the valve is opened, the pressure gauge on the regulator should register the full tank pressure.
Setting the Flow Rate and Initial Use
After confirming a secure, leak-free connection, set the prescribed flow rate. Locate the flow adjustment knob or dial on the regulator and turn it gently to align the desired Liters Per Minute (LPM) setting with the indicator line. The flow rate must be set exactly as prescribed, as oxygen is a medication, and changing the setting without medical direction can be harmful.
Attach the nasal cannula tubing to the regulator’s outlet port. Confirm proper operation by feeling the oxygen flowing through the prongs of the cannula or mask. Always check the pressure gauge periodically to monitor the remaining oxygen supply, arranging for a refill before the pressure drops below 200 PSI.
To turn the system off, first turn the cylinder’s main valve clockwise until it is completely closed. Next, bleed the remaining pressure from the regulator by letting the oxygen flow until the pressure gauge reads zero. Finally, turn the flow adjustment knob to the “off” or “zero” setting.
Proper Storage and Transportation
When storing the portable oxygen tank, it must always be secured to prevent it from falling over and potentially breaking the valve. Store the cylinder upright in a stand or cart, or lay it on its side and block it so it cannot roll. The storage area should be well-ventilated, cool, dry, and kept out of direct sunlight.
For transportation in a vehicle, the tank must be secured against movement. This can be done by strapping it into a dedicated oxygen trolley or lying it on the floor with the head facing toward the car’s interior. Never transport the cylinder in an enclosed space like a car trunk, and ensure the vehicle is well-ventilated during transport. Always remove the cylinder upon arrival if the vehicle will be sitting for an extended period.