Bumblebees are important pollinators, contributing to plant reproduction and food production. They face challenges, and sometimes, an individual bumblebee needs immediate assistance. Knowing when and how to help contributes to their well-being.
Immediate Help for a Tired Bumblebee
A bumblebee exhibiting sluggish movements, lying on its side, or appearing lethargic may be exhausted and need an energy boost. Unlike a resting bee, which appears unharmed, a bee needing help is visibly wet, cold, or has been motionless for an extended period.
Prepare a simple sugar water solution using white granulated sugar and water. A common ratio is two parts sugar to one part hot, non-boiling water, such as two tablespoons of sugar dissolved in one tablespoon of water. Stir until all sugar crystals have dissolved, ensuring a consistent syrup.
Place a drop or two of the solution on a small spoon or lid directly in front of the bee’s head. The bee should detect the sugar water by scent and extend its proboscis to drink. Do not force the solution onto the bee, as this could cause harm. Allow the bee 30 to 45 minutes to recuperate; it will often fly away after this boost. Never use brown sugar, which is difficult for bees to digest, or honey, as it can contain pathogens like American Foul Brood disease that are fatal to bees.
Creating a Bee-Friendly Environment
Beyond immediate rescue, support bumblebee populations by creating a welcoming environment. Planting pollinator-friendly flowers provides essential nectar and pollen, their primary food sources. Focus on native plants, cottage garden perennials, and herbs that offer continuous blooms from early spring through late autumn for a consistent food supply.
Bumblebees are drawn to flowers with bright white, blue, yellow, pink, and purple hues, including Echinacea, Lavender, Rosemary, and various mint and daisy-family plants. Avoid annual bedding plants, which may have reduced nectar and pollen rewards.
Limiting pesticides and herbicides is important, as these chemicals can harm bees through direct contact or by contaminating pollen and nectar. Exposure can lead to reduced lifespans, impaired navigation, and decreased reproductive success. If pesticide application is unavoidable, apply during times when bees are least active, such as at night, or when plants are not in bloom.
Provide a clean water source, especially during dry periods. Shallow dishes filled with pebbles, marbles, or corks offer safe landing spots for bees to drink without drowning. Bees often prefer water that is not completely pristine, as it may contain minerals and enzymes. Leaving undisturbed areas in gardens, such as piles of leaves, logs, or long grass, can offer shelter and nesting sites for queens and colonies.
Important Considerations and When Not to Intervene
Observing a slow-moving bumblebee does not always mean it requires human intervention. Many bees may simply be resting, sleeping, or nearing the end of their lifespan. An older bee may show signs of wear, such as a darker body, missing hair, or tattered wings. In these instances, it is best to allow the bee to complete its natural cycle without interference.
Directly handling bumblebees with bare hands should be avoided. While exhausted bees are less likely to sting, bumblebees can sting multiple times if they feel threatened, unlike honeybees. If a bee must be moved from a dangerous location, gently guide it onto a leaf or a piece of paper.
Remember that providing sugar water is a temporary solution for an energy-depleted bee, not a long-term food source. Reusing honey to feed bees is not advised due to the risk of transmitting diseases. It is also important to avoid disturbing bumblebee nests, which are often found underground in abandoned burrows or in sheltered cavities. If you encounter an active nest or have concerns that require expert advice, local university extension offices or wildlife rescue organizations can provide further guidance.