Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral skin infection appearing as small, flesh-colored bumps. These bumps are generally benign and often resolve without intervention. While the infection usually clears on its own, some individuals seek at-home treatments. Topical iodine, particularly povidone-iodine, has garnered interest as a potential option for treatment.
Molluscum and Iodine’s Action
Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a DNA poxvirus, specifically the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), with MCV-1 being the most common subtype in children. This viral infection spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact, sharing contaminated items like towels or clothing, or by scratching. While children are most commonly affected, individuals with weakened immune systems or those with atopic dermatitis may also experience the infection.
Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) is an antiseptic widely recognized for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, including activity against viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Its mechanism of action involves disrupting essential viral and cellular processes. Although not a conventional first-line treatment, some evidence suggests that topical povidone-iodine may contribute to the resolution of lesions, possibly by directly disrupting the viral structure or by stimulating a localized immune response against the virus.
Applying Iodine for Treatment
A 10% povidone-iodine solution is typically referenced for skin application. Before applying, it is important to ensure the skin is clean and dry. The solution should be applied directly to individual molluscum lesions using a cotton swab, taking care to avoid contact with the surrounding healthy skin.
Application frequency can vary, with some approaches suggesting once or twice daily, while other reports indicate applying up to three times a day until the lesions resolve. While the duration of treatment can differ among individuals, some studies have noted resolution within an average of 26 days when used in conjunction with other treatments. To help prevent the spread of the virus during treatment, it is advisable to wash hands thoroughly after application and cover treated lesions with clothing or watertight bandages.
Safety and Expected Outcomes
Topical iodine application can lead to side effects, including temporary skin staining, which can often be removed with rubbing alcohol, though alcohol should be avoided on open wounds. Mild irritation, redness, or dryness at the application site are also common. If severe irritation, blistering, or signs of infection such as warmth or oozing occur, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
Individuals with known allergies to iodine should avoid using povidone-iodine. It is also not recommended for use on deep wounds, puncture wounds, animal bites, or serious burns. Prolonged or excessive use, especially over large skin areas or on broken skin, may lead to systemic absorption of iodine, potentially affecting thyroid function.
During the treatment process, it is common for molluscum lesions to undergo changes. The bumps may become red, inflamed, or crust over before they begin to heal. The formation of pus-filled pimples can also be a sign that the body is actively fighting the virus, rather than an indication of a bacterial infection. As the lesions resolve, they may fade, sometimes leaving behind temporary pink, purple, or white spots.