Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a chemical compound first synthesized in 1866 by Russian scientist Alexander Zaytsev, originating as a byproduct of the paper-making process. This colorless liquid is known for its unique properties as a polar aprotic solvent, enabling it to dissolve both polar and nonpolar substances. DMSO gained attention in the 1960s when researchers discovered its ability to penetrate skin and other biological membranes without causing damage. This permeability allows it to carry other compounds into a biological system, making it useful in various applications.
Essential Preparations for Use
Before applying DMSO, obtain medical or pharmaceutical grade DMSO, typically 99.9% purity or higher, to avoid contaminants. The application area must be thoroughly cleaned with soap and warm water, then patted dry. This removes lotions, perfumes, and other substances DMSO could carry into the body.
Disposable gloves should be worn during application, as DMSO can penetrate some materials like rubber. Use glass or stainless steel containers for dilution, as DMSO can react with certain plastics. Non-synthetic applicators, such as cotton balls or glass droppers, are also recommended for handling the solution.
Topical Application Techniques
Topical application of DMSO often begins with dilution. For general use, DMSO is commonly diluted to a 70% solution, though concentrations can range from 25% to 90%. Distilled water is used for dilution to maintain purity. A patch test is recommended before widespread application; apply a small amount to a less sensitive skin area, such as the forearm, to observe for adverse reactions like itching, redness, or irritation within minutes.
After a successful patch test, gently spread a thin layer of DMSO over the intended area. Allow the solution to air dry completely, as covering it with bandages or clothing could hinder evaporation or trap unwanted substances. Application may be repeated two to three times daily. Avoid application on irritated, broken skin, or open wounds.
Understanding Safety and Side Effects
Topical DMSO use can lead to several common side effects. Individuals may experience skin dryness, itching, redness, or a burning sensation at the application site. A distinctive garlic-like taste in the mouth or odor on the breath and body is also frequently reported, occurring because DMSO is metabolized into dimethyl sulfide. While often harmless, this odor can be noticeable for several hours.
Distinguish these mild, temporary reactions from signs of a more serious allergic response. Symptoms such as severe rash, hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing require immediate medical attention, and DMSO use should be discontinued. DMSO should be avoided during pregnancy or while breastfeeding due to insufficient research on potential risks. The substance can also increase the absorption of other medications applied to the skin, making it important to consult a healthcare provider if taking other drugs. DMSO is not intended for ingestion or injection unless under direct medical supervision, as its safety for these routes has not been established for general use.
Acquiring and Storing DMSO
Acquiring high-purity DMSO is important. Purchase pharmaceutical or medical grade DMSO from reputable online suppliers or specialty chemical stores. Quality products are often virtually odorless, and a Certificate of Analysis (COA) can verify purity and list any impurities. Industrial grades should be avoided due to potential contaminants that could be absorbed into the body.
Proper storage helps maintain DMSO’s effectiveness and stability. Keep it in its original dark glass container, which protects it from light, and store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat. An ideal storage temperature ranges between 15°C and 30°C (59-86°F).
DMSO can crystallize or solidify at temperatures below 18.5°C (65°F), which is a normal property and does not affect its quality. If crystallization occurs, the container can be placed in a warm water bath or left at room temperature to safely return it to its liquid form, a process that might take up to a day. Keeping the container tightly closed is essential, as DMSO is hygroscopic and can absorb moisture from the air.