Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction, or TMJ, refers to discomfort or pain in the jaw joint and its controlling muscles. Symptoms of TMJ may include jaw pain, clicking sounds when opening or closing the mouth, headaches, or difficulty chewing. A TENS unit is a portable device delivering low-voltage electrical currents through skin electrodes. This article guides safe and effective TENS unit use for TMJ discomfort.
Understanding TENS for TMJ Relief
A TENS unit alleviates TMJ discomfort by influencing pain perception. It activates nerves sending non-painful signals, effectively “closing a gate” to pain signals traveling to the brain. This mechanism, the gate control theory of pain, provides immediate relief by interrupting the pain pathway.
TENS electrical stimulation also encourages the release of natural pain-relieving endorphins. These endorphins act similarly to opioids, reducing pain perception and promoting well-being. Gentle electrical currents also relax tense jaw muscles (e.g., masseter and temporalis), which frequently contribute to TMJ discomfort.
Electrode Placement and Preparation
Proper electrode placement is important for effective TENS use. Ensure skin is clean and dry where electrodes will be placed, free of lotions, oils, or makeup, as these can interfere with adhesion and conductivity. Small electrodes (1.5-2 inches in diameter) are recommended for the facial area due to smaller muscle groups and proximity to sensitive areas.
For targeted relief, place electrodes directly over the painful temporomandibular joint, located just in front of the ear where the jawbone connects. Find this spot by placing a finger there and opening and closing your mouth.
Another common placement is over the masseter muscle, a large chewing muscle on the jaw’s side, easily felt when clenching teeth. Electrodes can also be positioned over the temporalis muscle, on the head above the ear, also felt when clenching. If discomfort is bilateral, place electrodes mirroring placement on both sides of the face. Ensure electrodes adhere firmly to skin for consistent electrical contact.
Setting the TENS Unit Parameters
Adjusting TENS parameters allows customized relief based on individual needs and comfort. Frequency (Hz) influences electrical pulse delivery. Low frequencies (2-10 Hz) stimulate endorphin release for prolonged relief; higher frequencies (80-120 Hz) block pain signals immediately. A higher frequency setting is a common starting point for acute pain.
Pulse width (µs) determines each electrical pulse’s duration. A common range for TMJ discomfort is 150-250 µs, effectively stimulating nerves without excessively high intensity. Intensity (mA) controls electrical current strength. Start with the lowest intensity, gradually increasing until a comfortable, strong sensation is felt. This sensation should be a tingling, buzzing, or tapping, never causing muscle contraction or pain.
Usage Guidelines and Session Duration
Effective TENS use for TMJ involves adhering to recommended session guidelines. Session duration ranges from 20 to 30 minutes, allowing electrical stimulation to produce pain relief. Some find relief with shorter sessions, others benefit from slightly longer durations.
Frequency of use varies depending on discomfort severity and persistence. Many benefit from TENS unit use two to three times daily, as needed, to manage symptoms. Pay attention to your body’s response; adjust usage patterns. While some experience immediate relief, for others, benefits accumulate over consistent use.
Important Safety Considerations
TENS use near the head and neck requires adherence to safety guidelines. Do not use TENS if pregnant, have a pacemaker, or other implanted electronic devices. Avoid use if you have epilepsy or certain heart conditions, as electrical currents may interfere.
Avoid placing electrodes directly over eyes, inside the mouth, or on the front of the neck near carotid arteries; these highly sensitive areas can be adversely affected by electrical stimulation.
Never use the device on broken, irritated, or numb skin to prevent injury or mask underlying issues. Avoid TENS unit use while driving or operating heavy machinery, as it can be distracting.
Always consult a healthcare professional (dentist, doctor, or physical therapist) before beginning TENS therapy for TMJ to ensure it is appropriate for your condition and for personalized guidance. If pain worsens or skin irritation occurs, discontinue use immediately.