A zit, commonly known as a pimple, forms when skin pores become clogged with dead skin cells and excess oil, also called sebum. These blockages create an environment where bacteria, such as Cutibacterium acnes, multiply. While many zits resolve on their own, some can become infected, leading to complications. This article provides guidance on identifying, treating, and preventing infected zits.
Understanding an Infected Zit
An infected zit occurs when bacteria enter a clogged pore. This often happens after a pimple has been picked, squeezed, or disturbed, creating an opening for bacteria. While Cutibacterium acnes is a common contributor, other bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus can also lead to more severe skin infections. The presence of bacteria triggers an immune response, leading to increased inflammation.
Unlike a typical pimple, an infected zit usually appears larger and more noticeable. It often exhibits increased redness, can feel warm to the touch, and is significantly more painful or tender. Pus, which may present as a white or yellowish center, is another common indicator of infection. These infected lesions tend to take longer to heal compared to regular pimples.
Effective Home Treatment
For a mildly infected zit, gentle home care can promote healing. Begin by cleansing the affected area twice daily with a mild, gentle soap and lukewarm water. This helps remove surface bacteria and debris without causing further irritation. Pat the skin dry with a clean towel rather than rubbing.
Applying a warm compress to the infected zit for 10-15 minutes, several times a day, helps. The warmth reduces pain and encourages the natural drainage of pus, allowing the infection to surface and resolve. Ensure the compress is warm, not hot, and made from a clean cloth to prevent further bacterial introduction. Over-the-counter topical treatments containing benzoyl peroxide can also be applied, as this ingredient works by killing acne-causing bacteria. While salicylic acid helps unclog pores, it is less effective against an active bacterial infection because it does not directly eliminate bacteria.
Actions to Avoid
When dealing with an infected zit, certain actions can worsen the condition. It is important to resist the urge to pick, squeeze, or pop the zit. These actions can force bacteria deeper into the skin, intensifying inflammation and potentially spreading the infection to surrounding areas. Manipulating the lesion can also increase the risk of permanent scarring or changes in skin pigmentation.
Avoid using harsh scrubs, abrasive products, or strong astringents on the infected area. These can further irritate the already compromised skin barrier and exacerbate inflammation. Refrain from applying unverified home remedies, such as toothpaste, as these can cause irritation or allergic reactions. Avoid applying makeup directly over an infected zit, as cosmetics can trap bacteria and hinder the healing process.
Knowing When to Seek Professional Care
While many infected zits can be managed at home, certain signs indicate the need for professional medical attention. Consult a doctor or dermatologist if the infected zit is very large, extremely painful, or appears to be spreading rapidly. Deep, pus-filled lesions such as nodules or cysts, which reside beneath the skin’s surface, require professional evaluation.
Additional warning signs include the development of a fever, general fatigue, or the appearance of red streaks extending from the zit, which could indicate a spreading infection like cellulitis. If an infected zit is located near the eye, or if home treatments have not shown improvement after several days or weeks, seek medical advice. A healthcare provider may prescribe oral or topical antibiotics to combat the bacterial infection or perform a sterile drainage of the lesion.
Preventing Recurrence
Implementing consistent skincare practices can significantly reduce the likelihood of future infected zits. Establish a routine of gently cleansing your face twice daily to remove excess oil and dirt. After sweating or exercising, promptly cleanse the skin to prevent pore blockages.
Choose skincare and makeup products labeled “non-comedogenic,” meaning they are formulated not to clog pores. These products help maintain clear skin by allowing pores to breathe. Regularly change pillowcases and towels to minimize the transfer of bacteria and oils to the skin. Avoiding unnecessary touching of the face throughout the day also helps prevent the transfer of bacteria from hands to skin. Managing stress through relaxation techniques can also influence breakouts.